In this study, the electrochemical and anodic behaviors of Pb-Ag anodes during ultrasound-assisted zinc electrowinning were meticulously examined. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) occurring at the Pb-Ag anodes in a 150 g L-1 aqueous H2SO4 solution was studied in the absence (silent) and presence of ultrasonication (40 kHz, 100 % acoustic amplitude). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and zinc electrowinning tests were conducted to analyze the electrochemical behavior of the Pb-Ag anodes during zinc electrowinning. Compared with that under silent conditions, the OER was greatly enhanced under ultrasonic conditions, and the overpotential reduction was found to be 108 mV at 35 °C at a current density of 50 mA cm−2. A significant reduction in the bath voltage was achieved during ultrasound-assisted prolonged zinc electrowinning, with a difference of approximately 50 mV compared with that of the control. The integration of ultrasonic technology into the realm of zinc electrowinning leverages the physical and chemical effects of ultrasonication to significantly improve the efficiency and kinetics of the OER. Smaller PbO2 grains and a larger silver exposure area appeared on the Pb-Ag plate surface during ultrasonic-assisted electrowinning, which is beneficial for the OER chemically. The generated oxygen bubbles merged more rapidly and detached from the electrode surface with greater alacrity under ultrasonication conditions, which reinforced the OER in terms of mass transfer kinetics. Furthermore, more fine zinc products can be obtained during ultrasound-assisted zinc electrowinning. By harnessing the power of ultrasonic technology, more sustainable and cost-effective zinc electrowinning can be achieved.

中文翻译：

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超声处理对锌电解沉积过程中析氧反应的增强作用


在这项研究中，仔细研究了 Pb-Ag 阳极在超声辅助锌电解沉积过程中的电化学和阳极行为。在不存在（无声）和存在超声波处理（40 kHz，100% 声幅）的情况下，研究了 150 g L-1 H2SO4 水溶液中 Pb-Ag 阳极发生的析氧反应 （OER）。进行了电化学阻抗谱 （EIS） 、循环伏安法 （CV）、线性扫描伏安法 （LSV） 和锌电解积测试，以分析 Pb-Ag 阳极在锌电解沉积过程中的电化学行为。与静音条件下相比，超声条件下的 OER 大大增强，在 35 °C 时，电流密度为 50 mA cm−2，过电位降低为 108 mV。在超声辅助的长时间锌电解沉积过程中，浴槽电压显著降低，与对照相比差异约 50 mV。将超声波技术集成到锌电解沉积领域，利用超声波的物理和化学效应，显著提高 OER 的效率和动力学。在超声辅助电解沉积过程中，Pb-Ag 板表面出现了更小的 PbO2 晶粒和更大的银暴露面积，这在化学上有利于 OER。在超声处理条件下，产生的氧气泡合并得更快，并且更迅速地从电极表面分离，这在传质动力学方面增强了 OER。此外，在超声辅助锌电解沉积过程中可以获得更细的锌产品。通过利用超声波技术的力量，可以实现更可持续和更具成本效益的锌电解沉积。