Accelerating the flow of surface air through urban areas at a faster rate is one of the important nature-based solutions for reducing the threat of urban overheating. Previous studies have focused on analyzing the correlation between two-dimensional landscape patterns and sky conditions. However, the relative contribution of three-dimensional (3D) landscape features to urban wind and the marginal effect during a heatwave remain unclear. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was used to simulate the development of the wind field during heat events with weak synoptic wind. The regions were clustered based on land cover characteristics. The impact of 3D landscape features on the wind velocities in each cluster was further explored. Results revealed that ventilation corridors predominantly occurred in the morning, dissipating by midday. Diurnal wind velocities were primarily influenced by Forest Canopy Density (FCD), Building Congestion (BC), and Landscape Shape. Specifically, in suburban areas, the negative effect on surface wind velocities stabilized when BC exceeded 0.12. This phenomenon also occurred when the FCDs were higher than 0.75. Based on these findings, the study proposes urban planning strategies aimed at enhancing natural ventilation in cities, assisting planners in developing sustainable cities with cool winds.

中文翻译：

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热浪期间三维景观特征对城市地表风速的影响：相对贡献和边际效应


以更快的速度加速地表空气流经城市地区是减少城市过热威胁的重要基于自然的解决方案之一。以前的研究侧重于分析二维景观模式与天空条件之间的相关性。然而，三维 （3D） 景观特征对城市风的相对贡献以及热浪期间的边际效应仍不清楚。在本研究中，天气研究和预报 （WRF） 模型用于模拟天气风弱热事件期间风场的发展。根据土地覆盖特征对区域进行聚类。进一步探讨了 3D 景观特征对每个集群中风速的影响。结果显示，通风走廊主要发生在早晨，到中午消散。昼夜风速主要受森林冠层密度 （FCD）、建筑拥堵 （BC） 和景观形状的影响。具体来说，在郊区，当 BC 超过 0.12 时，对地表风速的负面影响稳定下来。当 FCD 高于 0.75 时，也会发生这种现象。基于这些发现，该研究提出了旨在加强城市自然通风的城市规划策略，协助规划者开发凉爽的可持续城市。