Urban green spaces (UGS) significantly benefit public health outcomes. Providing equal access to UGS and ensuring a better match between UGS demand and supply are crucial for developing sustainable cities. This study employed the 3SFCA method and multi-source data to explore the spatial variation and equity in UGS accessibility in the City of Chicago by considering different types of UGS, travel modes, and travel time thresholds. The Gini index and spatial statistical methods are used to evaluate the inequity in and the mismatch between UGS accessibility and demand. The findings showed significant disparities in accessibility and high inequity among different types of UGS, travel modes, and travel time thresholds. The travel mode of driving and a larger travel time threshold led to more homogeneous distributions of accessibility and mild inequity but exacerbated the mismatch between UGS accessibility and demand. Census tracts in the eastern part of Chicago have consistently low accessibility with a high demand-low supply mismatch while the rest of the city had high accessibility to UGS with a low demand-high supply mismatch under certain circumstances. The findings offer insights into the spatial patterns of UGS accessibility and inequity and contribute to more effective planning policies to improve the quality of human life.

中文翻译：

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评估芝加哥城市绿地可达性的空间变化及其不平等性：来自多种出行方式和出行时间的视角


城市绿地 （UGS） 对公共卫生结果大有裨益。提供平等的 UGS 访问权并确保 UGS 供需之间更好地匹配，对于发展可持续城市至关重要。本研究采用 3SFCA 方法和多源数据，通过考虑不同类型的 UGS、出行模式和出行时间阈值，探讨了芝加哥市 UGS 可达性的空间变化和公平性。基尼系数和空间统计方法用于评估 UGS 可达性与需求之间的不公平和不匹配。研究结果显示，不同类型的 UGS、出行方式和出行时间阈值在可达性方面存在显著差异，并且存在高度不平等。驾驶的出行方式和较大的出行时间阈值导致了更均匀的可达性分布和轻微的不平等，但加剧了 UGS 可达性和需求之间的不匹配。芝加哥东部的人口普查区一直处于低可达性，存在高供需错配，而该市其他地区对 UGS 的可达性高，在某些情况下存在低供需错配。这些发现为了解 UGS 的可达性和不平等的空间模式提供了见解，并有助于制定更有效的规划政策来提高人类生活质量。