The present research analyzes the properties of a Casson ternary nanofluid over a stretching sheet with Thomson and Troian slip conditions, taking into consideration the influences of electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD). The ternary nanofluid comprises three different nanoparticles, which include titanium dioxide (TiO2), copper (Cu), and silver (Ag), all being suspended in oil, which is the base fluid. They are involved because of their good thermal conductivity and chemical stability, and AgCuTiO2 /Oil nanofluid is a composite of copper, titanium oxide, and oil. Hence, carrying out the said procedure, the ternary nanofluid becomes AgCuTiO2/Oil. The sheet is, however, thought to be stretching vertically while the flow is determined by the effect of the gravity force through the free convention. Moreover, the phenomena of EMHD, porous medium, thermal slip, thermal radiation, Joule heating, and heat source/sink are included to make the energy equation more real-life. This leads to a set of partial differential equations (PDEs) based mathematical models transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs)-appropriate similarity transformation. The Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RKF-45) method solves the given ordinary differential system. According to the research’s findings, the temperature of the ternary Casson nanofluid rises when the suspension of silver, copper, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles increases, and the velocity of flow for merely silver and copper decreases when the density decreases. This causes the flow rate to be constricted through the velocity slip condition, at the same time as the nanofluid’s temperature increases.

中文翻译：

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拉伸片上三元 Casson 纳米流体流动的热效应：Thomson 和 Troian 速度滑移的研究


本研究分析了具有 Thomson 和 Troian 滑移条件的 Casson 三元纳米流体在拉伸片上的特性，同时考虑了电磁流体动力学 （EMHD） 的影响。三元纳米流体由三种不同的纳米颗粒组成，包括二氧化钛 （TiO2）、铜 （Cu） 和银 （Ag），它们都悬浮在基础流体油中。它们因其良好的导热性和化学稳定性而被参与其中，而 AgCuTiO2 /Oil 纳米流体是铜、氧化钛和油的复合材料。因此，执行上述程序，三元纳米流体变成 AgCuTiO2/油。然而，片材被认为是垂直拉伸的，而流动是由重力通过自由约定的影响决定的。此外，还包括 EMHD、多孔介质、热滑移、热辐射、焦耳热和热源/散热器等现象，以使能量方程更加真实。这导致一组基于偏微分方程 （PDE） 的数学模型转换为适合常微分方程 （ODE） 的相似性转换。Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg （RKF-45） 方法求解给定的常微分系统。根据研究结果，当银、铜和二氧化钛纳米颗粒的悬浮液增加时，三元卡森纳米流体的温度会升高，而当密度降低时，仅银和铜的流速会降低。这导致流速在速度滑移条件下受到限制，同时纳米流体的温度升高。