Conventional monometallic sulfides are usually conversion or conversion-alloying-dominated anodes, while the sluggish kinetics and severe volume variation greatly hamper their electrochemical properties in sodium-ion batteries. Herein, bimetallic sulfides (V_s-ZnIn₂S₄) are developed with S vacancies, which are verified via electron paramagnetic resonance. A possible reaction mechanism (intercalation–conversion–alloying) is proposed, which is characterized by in situ X-ray diffraction. In addition, the small volume change during (de)sodiation of V_s-ZnIn₂S₄ is also observed by in situ transmission electron microscopy. The V_s-ZnIn₂S₄ anode shows ultrastable and superfast sodium storage performance, such as outstanding long-term cycling durability at 10 A g⁻¹ (349.6 mAh g⁻¹ after 2000 cycles) and rate property at 80 A g⁻¹ (222.7 mAh g⁻¹). Moreover, the full cell [V_s-ZnIn₂S₄//Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C] achieves an excellent property after 300 cycles (185.9 mAh g⁻¹) at 5 A g⁻¹, showing significant potential for real-world applications.

中文翻译：

---

具有杂化反应机理和硫空位的 ZnIn2S4 用于可持续钠储存


传统的单金属硫化物通常是以转化或转化合金为主的阳极，而缓慢的动力学和严重的体积变化极大地阻碍了它们在钠离子电池中的电化学性能。在此，双金属硫化物 （V s-ZnIn₂S₄） 是用 S 空位开发的，通过电子顺磁共振进行了验证。提出了一种可能的反应机制（插层 - 转化 - 合金化），其特征是原位 X 射线衍射。此外，通过原位透射电子显微镜还可以观察到 V s-ZnIn ₂S₄ 在（脱）钠化过程中的小体积变化。V s-ZnIn₂S₄ 阳极表现出超稳定和超快的钠储存性能，例如在 10 A ^g-1（2000 次循环后为 349.6 mAh ^g-1）和 80 A ^g-1 （222.7 mAh ^g-1） 时的倍率特性。此外，全电池 [V s-ZnIn₂S₄Na₃V₂（PO₄）₃/C] 在 5 A ^g-1 下经过 300 次循环 （185.9 mAh ^g-1） 后实现了优异的性能，显示出巨大的实际应用潜力。