Anthropogenic land use modifications are causing severe degradation of terrestrial ecosystems, and multiple revegetation strategies are emerging globally to counteract the loss of plant richness and productivity. While soil microorganisms are essential for plant community dynamics, the role of soil microbial biodiversity in regulating changes in plant richness and productivity under different revegetation strategies remains unknown. We used multitrophic co‐occurrence networks to identify soil network modules of strongly co‐occurring phylotypes along a 50‐year revegetation chronosequence of agricultural abandonment and afforestation. Soil biodiversity within these modules was related to soil nutrient cycling functions, plant richness and productivity (understorey layer in afforestation), elucidating how these network modules are associated with changes in plant richness and productivity. Plant richness and productivity increased simultaneously following both agricultural abandonment and afforestation. However, the biodiversity of key soil taxa within distinct network modules was associated with these coupled increases through the regulation of different nutrient cycling functions. Key soil phylotypes within the network modules involved in nitrogen (N) cycling correlated with the simultaneous increase in plant richness and productivity following agricultural abandonment. In contrast, those involved in phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) cycling were linked to the coupled responses of both plant richness and productivity under afforestation. This reflects the divergent microbial mechanisms associated with the coupled increase in plant richness and productivity along the revegetation chronosequence for both agricultural abandonment and afforestation. Synthesis. Our findings provide correlative evidence that the biodiversity of key phylotypes within soil network modules is closely associated with the simultaneous increase in plant richness and productivity following the cessation of agricultural management. We identify key soil taxa, specific to each revegetation strategy, that could serve as potential targets for genomic and cultivation‐based approaches to counteract plant community degradation. Revegetation efforts to enhance plant richness and productivity should focus on soil phylotypes associated with N cycling after agricultural abandonment and those involved in P and S cycling during afforestation.

中文翻译：

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关键土壤系统型的生物多样性与农业废弃和植树造林后植物丰富度和生产力的增加有关


人为的土地利用改变正在导致陆地生态系统的严重退化，全球正在出现多种重新植被策略，以抵消植物丰富性和生产力的损失。虽然土壤微生物对植物群落动态至关重要，但在不同的植被恢复策略下，土壤微生物多样性在调节植物丰富度和生产力变化中的作用仍然未知。我们使用多营养共生网络来识别沿农业废弃和植树造林的 50 年植被恢复时间序列中强烈共生系统型的土壤网络模块。这些模块中的土壤生物多样性与土壤养分循环功能、植物丰富度和生产力（造林中的林下层）有关，阐明了这些网络模块如何与植物丰富度和生产力的变化相关联。在农业废弃和植树造林之后，植物丰富度和生产力同时增加。然而，不同网络模块内关键土壤分类群的生物多样性通过调节不同的养分循环功能与这些耦合增加有关。参与氮 （N） 循环的网络模块中的关键土壤系统型与农业废弃后植物丰富度和生产力的同时增加相关。相比之下，参与磷 （P） 和硫 （S） 循环的那些与造林下植物丰富度和生产力的耦合响应有关。这反映了与农业废弃和植树造林沿植被重新植被时间序列的植物丰富度和生产力耦合增加相关的不同微生物机制。合成。 我们的研究结果提供了相关证据，表明土壤网络模块中关键系统型的生物多样性与农业管理停止后植物丰富度和生产力的同步增加密切相关。我们确定了特定于每种植被恢复策略的关键土壤分类群，这些分类群可以作为基因组和基于培养的方法的潜在目标，以抵消植物群落退化。提高植物丰富度和生产力的植被恢复工作应侧重于农业废弃后与氮循环相关的土壤系统型，以及造林期间参与 P 和 S 循环的系统型。