Conventional forms of noninvasive cardiovascular imaging that evaluate morphology, function, flow, and metabolism play a vital role in individual treatment decisions, often based on guidelines. Innovations in molecular imaging have enhanced our ability to spatially quantify the expression of a wider array of disease-related proteins, genes, or cell types, or the activity of specific pathogenic pathways. These techniques, which usually rely on design of targeted imaging probes, have already been used extensively in cancer medicine and have now become part of cardiovascular care in conditions such as amyloidosis and sarcoidosis. The recognition that common cardiovascular conditions are caused by a substantial diversity of pathobiologic pathways and the diversity of therapies available for use have rekindled interest in expanding the role of molecular imaging of tissue phenotype to improve precision in diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making. The intent of this article is to raise awareness and understanding of approaches to molecular or cellular imaging of phenotype with targeted probes, and their potential to promote the principles of precision medicine. Also addressed are the diverse roles of molecular imaging to improve precision and efficiency of new drug development at the stages of candidate identification, preclinical testing, and clinical trials.

中文翻译：

---

体内心血管分子成像：对精准医学和药物开发的贡献。


评估形态、功能、血流和代谢的常规无创心血管影像学检查在个体治疗决策中起着至关重要的作用，通常基于指南。分子成像的创新增强了我们在空间上量化更广泛的疾病相关蛋白质、基因或细胞类型的表达或特定致病途径活性的能力。这些技术通常依赖于靶向成像探针的设计，已经广泛用于癌症医学，现在已成为淀粉样变性和结节病等疾病的心血管护理的一部分。人们认识到常见的心血管疾病是由多种多样的病理生物学途径和可供使用的疗法的多样性引起的，这重新点燃了人们对扩大组织表型分子成像的作用以提高诊断和治疗决策精度的兴趣。本文的目的是提高对使用靶向探针对表型进行分子或细胞成像的方法的认识和理解，以及它们促进精准医学原理的潜力。还讨论了分子成像在候选药物识别、临床前测试和临床试验阶段提高新药开发的精度和效率方面的各种作用。