Biosensors based on field effect transistor (FET), also known as Bio‐FETs, offer numerous advantages, including high sensitivity, rapid response speed, low operating voltage, compact size, high reliability, and easily integrative. These features endow Bio‐FETs with tremendous performance in rapid analysis for samples with ultra‐low concentration at large‐scale, broadening their multiple potential applications. In recent years, the research based on Bio‐FETs has attracted more and more attention. A lot of effort is put into the challenge to improve their sensitivity, which can be influenced by various factors. This review focuses on the current approaches from multiple perspectives, including overcoming the influence of Debye shielding effects, promoting the binding efficiency of analytes and FETs surface, and improving the structures of FETs device. Correspondingly, novel strategies to increase the Debye length, facilitate high frequency electric field modulation, enhance the specific interaction efficiency, and enlarge the specific surface area (SBET) are also summarized. Additionally, there is a lack of a reliable standard method to characterize the sensitivity of FETs currently. Regarding this issue, the most commonly used definitions and representation parameters of sensitivity are also evaluated. Overall, this review outlines the potential future research directions to offer insights for enhancing the sensitivity of Bio‐FETs.

中文翻译：

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提高基于场效应晶体管的生物传感器灵敏度的研究进展


基于场效应晶体管 （FET） 的生物传感器，也称为生物 FET，具有许多优点，包括高灵敏度、快速响应速度、低工作电压、紧凑的尺寸、高可靠性和易于集成。这些特性使 Bio-FET 在大规模快速分析超低浓度样品方面具有卓越的性能，拓宽了其多种潜在应用。近年来，基于 Bio-FETs 的研究引起了越来越多的关注。在挑战中投入了大量精力来提高他们的灵敏度，这可能会受到各种因素的影响。本文从多个角度综述了目前的方法，包括克服德拜屏蔽效应的影响，提高分析物与FETs表面的结合效率，以及改进FETs器件的结构。相应地，还总结了增加 Debye 长度、促进高频电场调制、提高比相互作用效率和扩大比表面积 （SBET） 的新策略。此外，目前缺乏可靠的标准方法来表征 FET 的灵敏度。关于这个问题，还评估了灵敏度的最常用定义和表示参数。总体而言，本综述概述了未来潜在的研究方向，为提高 Bio-FET 的灵敏度提供见解。