In this paper, I provide a narrative review of the literature addressing the contribution of public family planning programs and policies to the contraceptive transition in low‐ and middle‐income countries. I address the long‐running debate between economists and demographers who examine the relative contribution of preferences compared to programs to fertility decline, but I steer the paper towards a deeper discussion of the kinds of programs that have been effective in shaping contraceptive use (not necessarily fertility). I will discuss why public family planning programs and policies are needed, and the differing motivations of governments, implementers, and program designers are also discussed. Specific country‐level policy examples are given for Peru, Rwanda, and Vietnam to illustrate how public programs affected contractive use in these cases. A variety of programs are reviewed for relative success (e.g., mass media, or postpartum family planning programs). The success (and failure) stories highlight the need to be attentive to context and external validity when scaling up or adapting programs to national‐level policies. The review highlights the types of programs and policies that have been successful and the context in which the successes occurred.

中文翻译：

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公共计划生育政策和项目对低收入和中等收入国家避孕过渡影响的叙述性回顾


在本文中，我对涉及公共计划生育计划和政策对低收入和中等收入国家避孕过渡的贡献的文献进行了叙述性回顾。我谈到了经济学家和人口学家之间长期存在的争论，他们研究了与计划相比，偏好对生育率下降的相对贡献，但我将本文引向了更深入的讨论，即有效塑造避孕药具使用（不一定是生育能力）的计划类型。我将讨论为什么需要公共计划生育计划和政策，还讨论了政府、实施者和计划设计者的不同动机。给出了秘鲁、卢旺达和越南的具体国家级政策示例，以说明在这些情况下公共计划如何影响合同使用。对各种项目的相对成功进行了审查（例如，大众媒体或产后计划生育项目）。成功（和失败）的故事强调了在扩大或调整计划以适应国家层面的政策时，需要关注背景和外部有效性。该审查强调了成功的计划和策略的类型以及成功的背景。