Biochar, a carbon-rich material derived from lignocellulose biomass through pyrolysis, is being considered for lithium-ion battery (LIB) applications due to its sustainable sourcing, manufacturing, and favourable electrochemical properties. A biochar-based anode is a greener alternative to conventional materials, potentially reducing the environmental and financial costs of LIB production. Minimizing cost and simplifying the manufacturing process for LIBs drive the development of new scalable production of plant-based products to create greener anodes for lithium batteries. In this work, bamboo-based biochar (BCs) was prepared through an optimized slow pyrolysis route with two thermal treatments at 800 °C (B800) and 1000 °C (B1000), and used as a LIB anode. Compared to B1000, B800 presented higher d-spacing (d002 = 0.3657 nm) and graphitic crystallite size (La = 13.8 nm), smaller pore sizes (38 Å) with higher surface area (310 m2/g), and a higher concentration of permanent free radicals (PFRs) centered on the carbon (1.85 × 1018 spin/g). Although B1000 is slightly more conductive than B800, the physicochemical properties of B800 could enhance the lithiation of the pseudographitic structures and facilitate the reduction of Li+ ions due to the presence of PFRs. The half-cell LIB using B800 presented a reversible capacity of about 250 mA h/g at C/5 and long-term stability up to 450 cycles. This study highlights the potential of bamboo-based biochar as a viable and environmentally friendly anode material for the next generation of high-performance LIBs.

中文翻译：

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未经处理的竹生物炭作为可持续锂离子电池的负极材料


生物炭是一种通过热解从木质纤维素生物质中提取的富碳材料，由于其可持续的采购、制造和良好的电化学特性，正在考虑用于锂离子电池 （LIB） 应用。基于生物炭的阳极是传统材料的更环保替代品，有可能降低 LIB 生产的环境和财务成本。最大限度地降低成本和简化 LIB 的制造工艺推动了植物基产品的新型可扩展生产的发展，以创造更环保的锂电池负极。在本工作中，通过在 800 °C （B800） 和 1000 °C （B1000） 下进行两次热处理，通过优化的慢热解路线制备竹基生物炭 （BCs），并用作 LIB 阳极。与 B1000 相比，B800 具有更高的 d 间距 （d002 = 0.3657 nm） 和石墨微晶尺寸 （La = 13.8 nm），更小的孔径 （38 Å），更高的表面积 （310 m2/g），以及以碳为中心的更高浓度的永久自由基 （PFR） （1.85 × 1018 自旋/g）。虽然 B1000 的导电性略高于 B800，但由于 PFR 的存在，B800 的物理化学性质可以增强假石墨结构的锂化并促进 Li+ 离子的还原。使用 B800 的半电池 LIB 在 C/5 下具有约 250 mA h/g 的可逆容量和高达 450 次循环的长期稳定性。本研究强调了竹基生物炭作为下一代高性能 LIB 的可行且环保的负极材料的潜力。