This research investigates the efficacy of three distinct extraction techniques; ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and conventional extraction (CE) for the isolation of phytochemicals from the flowers of Bauhinia variegata. The findings demonstrated that both UAE and MAE surpass CE, yielding higher concentrations of bioactive compounds while significantly reducing the extraction time. UAE demonstrated the highest extraction efficiency, followed by MAE. The UAE yielded significantly higher levels of total phenolic content (43.97 mg GAE/g), total flavonoid content (24.08 mg QE/g), total anthocyanin content (16.37 mg CGE/g), DPPH antioxidant activity (19.29 mg TE/g), and FRAP antioxidant activity (16.75 mg TE/g) compared to MAE and conventional extraction methods. GC-MS analysis revealed a diverse array of phytochemicals, including flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and terpenoids, with some compounds showing higher concentrations in UAE. Reverse phase HPLC profiling further confirmed the enhanced extraction of phenolic compounds using UAE, including gallic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, quercetin, and kaempferol. This study reveals the efficiency, time-saving, and eco-friendliness of UAE for extracting valuable bioactive compounds from B. variegata flowers. The findings optimize extraction processes in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries.

中文翻译：

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利用超声和微波技术提取和表征紫荆花中的植物化学物质


本研究调查了三种不同提取技术的功效;超声辅助提取 （UAE）、微波辅助提取 （MAE） 和常规提取 （CE） 用于从紫荆花中分离植物化学物质。研究结果表明，UAE 和 MAE 都超过了 CE，产生了更高浓度的生物活性化合物，同时显着缩短了提取时间。阿联酋的提取效率最高，其次是 MAE。与 MAE 和常规提取方法相比，阿联酋的总酚含量 （43.97 mg GAE/g） 、总黄酮含量 （24.08 mg QE/g）、总花青素含量 （16.37 mg CGE/g）、DPPH 抗氧化活性 （19.29 mg TE/g） 和 FRAP 抗氧化活性 （16.75 mg TE/g） 水平显著更高。GC-MS 分析揭示了多种植物化学物质，包括类黄酮、酚类化合物和萜类化合物，其中一些化合物在阿联酋的浓度较高。反相 HPLC 分析进一步证实了使用 UAE 对酚类化合物的增强提取，包括没食子酸、咖啡酸、香豆酸、槲皮素和山奈酚。这项研究揭示了阿联酋从 B. variegata 花中提取有价值的生物活性化合物的效率、省时和环保性。这些发现优化了食品、制药和营养保健品行业的提取过程。