With the coronavirus-2019 epidemic, disposable surgical masks have become a common personal protective necessity. However, off-the-shelf masks have low filtration efficiency and short service life and can only physically isolate pathogens, easily leading to secondary infection and cross-infection between users. Additionally, they produce debris and microplastics, which can be inhaled by the human body and cause serious diseases. To address this, this study introduced a brand-new, microplastic-free, long-life, biodegradable, self-disinfecting, and gas-sensitive mask made of basal dialdehyde-chitosan crosslinked animal-collagen/plant composite fibers (CP-Mask) with an asymmetric bilayer structure using scalable paper-processing technology. The CP-Mask demonstrated outstanding filtration performance (95.9 %) for particulate matter with various sizes and constantly maintained filtration efficiency even after 20 friction cycles. The CP-Mask also exhibited stable and lasting antibacterial properties, with significant inhibition rates of 99.21 % for Staphylococcus aureus and 98.86 % for Escherichia coli and could effectively filter bacterial aerosols. In addition, CP-Mask realized the real-time detection of respiratory ammonia concentration and timely identified the ammonia level. The average response value was 68.26 %, and the average response time was 159.3 s, presenting good circulatory stability and is suitable for early diagnosis of ammonia-related diseases. Breakthrough, the origin of natural ingredients, fundamentally makes CP-Mask less likely to emit microplastics than commercially available masks and endows it with complete biodegradability in soil within three months, eliminating the risk of microplastic inhalation from the source. The proposed CP-Mask provides a new idea to facilitate personal health monitoring and portability of medical protection equipment regarding biocompatibility, biodegradability, self-disinfection, and ammonia sensing ability.

中文翻译：

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制造不含微塑料的生物质口罩：采用全天然纤维增强多功能性


随着 2019 冠状病毒的流行，一次性外科口罩已成为常见的个人防护必需品。然而，现成的口罩过滤效率低，使用寿命短，只能物理隔离病原体，容易导致二次感染和用户之间的交叉感染。此外，它们还会产生碎片和微塑料，这些碎片和微塑料可以被人体吸入并导致严重的疾病。为了解决这个问题，本研究引入了一种全新的、不含微塑料的、长寿命的、可生物降解的、自消毒的、气敏性的口罩，该口罩由基础二醛-壳聚糖交联动物胶原蛋白/植物复合纤维 （CP-Mask） 制成，具有不对称双层结构，采用可扩展的纸张处理技术。CP 面罩对各种大小的颗粒物表现出出色的过滤性能 （95.9%），即使在 20 次摩擦循环后也能持续保持过滤效率。CP-Mask 还表现出稳定和持久的抗菌性能，对金黄色葡萄球菌的显着抑制率为 99.21 %，对大肠杆菌的显着抑制率为 98.86 %，可有效过滤细菌气溶胶。此外，CP-Mask 实现了呼吸氨浓度的实时检测，并及时识别氨水平。平均反应值为 68.26 %，平均反应时间为 159.3 s，表现出良好的循环稳定性，适用于氨相关疾病的早期诊断。天然成分的来源 Breakthrough 从根本上使 CP-Mask 比市售口罩更不容易排放微塑料，并在三个月内使其在土壤中完全生物降解，从源头上消除吸入微塑料的风险。 拟议的 CP-Mask 提供了一种新思路，以促进个人健康监测和医疗防护设备在生物相容性、生物降解性、自我消毒和氨传感能力方面的便携性。