Over the past approximately 10 years, it has become routine to use piezoelectric actuators to apply large anisotropic stresses to correlated electron materials. Elastic strains exceeding 1% can often be achieved, which is sufficient to qualitatively alter the magnetic and/or electronic structures of a wide range of correlated electron materials. Experiments fall into two broad groups. In one, explicit use is made of the capacity of anisotropic stress to reduce the point group symmetry of the lattice, for example, from tetragonal to orthorhombic. In the other, anisotropic stress is used as a more general, powerful tuning method that, within the elastic limit of the material under test, does not introduce disorder. In this review, we provide a brief recent history of strain tuning, describe current methodology, provide selected examples of the types of experiment that have been done, and discuss the thermodynamics of uniaxial stress.

中文翻译：

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探测具有单轴应力的量子材料


在过去的大约 10 年里，使用压电致动器对相关电子材料施加较大的各向异性应力已成为惯例。通常可以实现超过 1% 的弹性应变，这足以定性地改变各种相关电子材料的磁性和/或电子结构。实验分为两大类。在一种研究中，明确使用各向异性应力的能力来降低晶格的点群对称性，例如，从四边形变为正交。在另一种方法中，各向异性应力被用作一种更通用、更强大的调整方法，在被测材料的弹性极限内，不会引入无序。在这篇综述中，我们简要介绍了应变调谐的近期历史，描述了当前的方法，提供了已完成实验类型的选定示例，并讨论了单轴应力的热力学。