Achieving the worldwide greenhouse gases (GHGs) reduction targets set in the 2015 Paris Agreement and other international treaties requires reaching a fast tipping point towards sustainably decreasing emissions. Compared to sectoral energy transitions, where different parameters can be easily measured, transitions in Coal and Carbon Intensive Regions (CCIRs) are more complex and thus more challenging to plan, implement, and study. Despite CCIRs’ heterogeneity in the population, level of development, economic structure, surface, and transition timing, achieving Social-Ecological Tipping Points (SETPs) poses some common dilemmas to the local, regional, and national authorities. Simultaneously, the transition process poses significant challenges to the economies and local populations.

中文翻译：

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在煤炭和碳密集型地区实现社会生态临界点的政策


要实现 2015 年《巴黎协定》和其他国际条约中设定的全球温室气体 （GHG） 减排目标，需要达到可持续减排的快速转折点。与可以轻松测量不同参数的部门能源转型相比，煤炭和碳密集型地区 （CCIR） 的转型更加复杂，因此规划、实施和研究更具挑战性。尽管 CCIR 在人口、发展水平、经济结构、地表和转型时间方面存在异质性，但实现社会生态临界点 （SETP） 给地方、区域和国家当局带来了一些常见的困境。同时，转型过程对经济和当地居民构成了重大挑战。