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The Role of Electron Transfer in Copper‐Mediated C(sp2)‐H Trifluoromethylation
Angewandte Chemie International Edition ( IF 16.1 ) Pub Date : 2024-12-03 , DOI: 10.1002/anie.202420677
Margaret A. P. Ball, Preston J. Myers, Grayson D. Ritch, Jamey K. Bower, Curtis E. Moore, Nathaniel K. Szymczak, Shiyu Zhang

We report copper(II) and copper(III) trifluoromethyl complexes supported by pyridinedicarboxamide ligand (L) as a platform for investigating the role of electron transfer in C(sp2)‐H trifluoromethylation. While the copper(II) trifluoromethyl complex is unreactive towards (hetero)arenes, the formal copper(III) trifluoromethyl complex performs C(sp2)‐H trifluoromethylation of a wide range of (hetero)arenes. Mechanistic studies using the copper(III) trifluoromethyl complex suggest that the mechanism of arene trifluoromethylation is substrate‐dependent. When the thermodynamic driving force for electron transfer is high, the reaction proceeds through a previously unidentified single electron transfer (SET) mechanism, where an initial electron transfer occurs between the substrate and oxidant prior to CF3 group transfer. Otherwise, a CF3 radical release/electrophilic aromatic substitution (SEAr) mechanism is followed. These studies provide valuable insights into the role of strong oxidants and potential mechanistic dichotomy in Cu‐mediated C(sp2)‐H trifluoromethylation.

中文翻译:


电子转移在铜介导的 C(sp2)-H 三氟甲基化中的作用



我们报道了吡啶二甲酰胺配体 (L) 支持的铜 (II) 和铜 (III) 三氟甲基络合物,作为研究电子转移在 C(sp2)-H 三氟甲基化中的作用的平台。虽然铜 (II) 三氟甲基络合物对(异)芳烃不反应,但正式的铜 (III) 三氟甲基络合物对多种(异)芳烃进行 C(sp2)-H 三氟甲基化。使用铜 (III) 三氟甲基化络合物的机制研究表明,芳烃三氟甲基化的机制是底物依赖性的。当电子转移的热力学驱动力很高时,反应通过以前未确定的单电子转移 (SET) 机制进行,其中在 CF3 基团转移之前,底物和氧化剂之间发生初始电子转移。否则,遵循 CF3 自由基释放/亲电芳烃取代 (SEAr) 机制。这些研究为强氧化剂的作用和潜在的机制二分法在 Cu 介导的 C(sp2)-H 三氟甲基化中的作用提供了有价值的见解。
更新日期:2024-12-03
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