Cancer remains a predominant contributor to both mortality and morbidity on a global scale, with over 10 million new cases diagnosed annually. The aim of this work was to prepare and evaluate erlotinib hydrochloride loaded tungsten trioxide modified with smart polymers for their anticancer potential. The morphology, crystallinity, chemical bonding, and thermal behavior of the nanoadsorbent were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analyses. The optimization of the drug on the synthesized adsorbent was investigated utilizing response surface methodology-central composite design. The maximum sorption efficiency of 90.18 % was achieved at the initial drug concentration of 32.82 mg L−1, a pH of 8.17, a temperature of 32.93 °C, and a contact time of 16.08 min. The drug sorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm and it displays pseudo-first-order kinetics. The nanocarrier showed a significant release profile for 6 h with a maximum release percentage of 99.81 % in simulated cancer fluid at high temperatures. The nanocarrier showed low drug release without near-infrared laser irradiation and a rapid release rate over 15 min of near-infrared laser irradiation. The drug release properties fit the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, with a diffusion exponent indicative of both diffusion and erosion release mechanisms. In-vitro cytotoxicity of the nanocarrier in normal cells indicated that it had no significant cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity of the nanocarrier in Hep-G2 hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines was evaluated by MTT assay, and the data showed that the nanocarrier has excellent cytotoxic activity (75.45 %).

中文翻译：

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构建三氧化钨改性智能聚合物作为肝细胞癌光热治疗的 NIR 响应平台


癌症仍然是全球死亡率和发病率的主要因素，每年诊断出超过 1000 万新病例。这项工作的目的是制备和评估用智能聚合物改性的盐酸厄洛替尼负载的三氧化钨的抗癌潜力。使用场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X 射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱和热重分析对纳米吸附剂的形貌、结晶度、化学键合和热行为进行了表征。利用响应面方法-中心复合设计研究了药物在合成吸附剂上的优化。在初始药物浓度为 32.82 mg L-1、pH 值为 8.17、温度为 32.93 °C、接触时间为 16.08 min 时，达到 90.18% 的最大吸附效率。药物吸附过程遵循 Langmuir 等温线，并显示出伪一级动力学。纳米载体在 6 h 内显示出显着的释放曲线，在高温下模拟癌液中的最大释放百分比为 99.81 %。纳米载体在无近红外激光照射下表现出低药物释放，并且在近红外激光照射 15 min 后释放速率快。药物释放特性符合 Korsmeyer-Peppas 模型，扩散指数表示扩散和侵蚀释放机制。纳米载体在正常细胞中的体外细胞毒性表明它没有显着的细胞毒性。通过 MTT 测定评价纳米载体在 Hep-G2 肝细胞癌细胞系中的细胞毒性，数据显示纳米载体具有优异的细胞毒活性 （75.45 %）。