The integration of elemental sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification with membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology offers a cost-effective solution for nitrate removal; however, stable operation demands efficient sulfur utilization and phosphorus management. This study explores sulfur consumption dynamics and the impacts of coagulant injection on denitrification efficiency. Sulfur consumption was closely correlated with nitrate removal rates, highlighting the critical role of stoichiometric sulfur availability for sustained denitrification. While coagulant addition enhanced phosphorus removal, excessive dosing impaired elemental sulfur-based microbial activity, reducing nitrate removal efficiency and increasing nitrite accumulation. Notably, microbial community analysis revealed a decline in the abundance of key sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, such as Sulfurimonas, under high coagulant concentrations. These findings emphasize the need for optimized sulfur and coagulant dosing strategies to balance phosphorus and nitrate removal while preserving microbial diversity and reactor stability. This study provides practical insights into operational parameters for efficient and sustainable ESAD-MBR processes.

中文翻译：

---

添加混凝剂的元素硫基膜生物反应器中的硫粉利用和反硝化效率


基于元素硫的自养反硝化作用与膜生物反应器 （MBR） 技术相结合，为硝酸盐去除提供了一种经济高效的解决方案;然而，稳定的运行需要高效的硫利用和磷管理。本研究探讨了硫消耗动态和混凝剂注入对反硝化效率的影响。硫消耗量与硝酸盐去除率密切相关，突出了化学计量硫的可用性对持续反硝化的关键作用。虽然混凝剂添加增强了磷去除，但过量的剂量损害了基于元素硫的微生物活性，降低了硝酸盐去除效率并增加了亚硝酸盐积累。值得注意的是，微生物群落分析显示，在高凝血剂浓度下，关键硫氧化细菌（如硫酸单胞菌）的丰度下降。这些发现强调了优化硫和混凝剂投加策略的必要性，以平衡磷和硝酸盐的去除，同时保持微生物多样性和反应器稳定性。本研究为高效和可持续的 ESAD-MBR 流程的操作参数提供了实用见解。