We present here a dual-channel nanoelectrode to detect both redox-active and non-redox-active analytes. The dual-channel nanoelectrode was developed from theta nanopipette. We developed one channel of the theta nanopipette to be a carbon nanoelectrode and the other channel to be a nano interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (nanoITIES) electrode, producing a nano-carbon-ITIES platform. The carbon nanoelectrode channel was developed by carbon deposition via pyrolysis followed by focused ion beam milling to measure redox-active analytes. The nanoITIES electrode channel was developed to detect non-redox-active analytes. The nano-carbon-ITIES electrodes were characterized using electrochemistry, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Dopamine (a redox-active analyte) and acetylcholine (a non-redox-active analyte) were measured on the dual-channel nano-carbon-ITIES platform using the carbon nanoelectrode and the nanoITIES electrode, respectively. Using cyclic voltammetry, the diffusion-limited current of dopamine and acetylcholine detection on the nano-carbon-ITIES electrode increased linearly with increasing their concentrations. Using chronoamperometry (current versus time), we showed that the nano-carbon-ITIES electrode detected acetylcholine and dopamine at the same time. The introduced first-ever dual-functional nano-carbon-ITIES electrodes expand the current literature in multi-channel electrodes for multi-purpose analysis, which is an emerging area of research. Developing the analytical capability for the simultaneous detection of acetylcholine and dopamine is a critical step towards understanding diseases and disorders where both dopamine and acetylcholine are involved.

中文翻译：

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用于多模式分析的双通道纳米碳-液/液接部电极：氧化还原活性电极（多巴胺）和非氧化还原活性电极（乙酰胆碱）


我们在这里介绍一种双通道纳米电极，用于检测氧化还原活性和非氧化还原活性分析物。双通道纳米电极是从 θ 纳米移液器开发的。我们开发了 θ 纳米移液器的一个通道作为碳纳米电极，另一个通道作为两个不混溶电解质溶液 （nanoITIES） 电极之间的纳米界面，产生了纳米碳 ITIES 平台。碳纳米电极通道是通过热解进行碳沉积，然后进行聚焦离子束铣削来测量氧化还原活性分析物。nanoITIES 电极通道用于检测非氧化还原活性分析物。使用电化学、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对纳米碳 ITIES 电极进行了表征。在双通道纳米碳 ITIES 平台上分别使用碳纳米电极和 nanoITIES 电极测量多巴胺（一种氧化还原活性分析物）和乙酰胆碱（一种非氧化还原活性分析物）。使用循环伏安法，纳米碳 ITIES 电极上多巴胺和乙酰胆碱检测的扩散限制电流随着其浓度的增加而线性增加。使用计时安培法（电流与时间），我们表明纳米碳-ITIES 电极同时检测到乙酰胆碱和多巴胺。推出的第一个双功能纳米碳 ITIES 电极扩展了当前用于多用途分析的多通道电极的文献，这是一个新兴的研究领域。开发同时检测乙酰胆碱和多巴胺的分析能力是了解涉及多巴胺和乙酰胆碱的疾病和病症的关键一步。