Primordial black holes (PBHs) could compose the dark matter content of the Universe. We present the first simulations of cosmological structure formation with PBH dark matter that consistently include collisional few-body effects, post-Newtonian orbit corrections, orbital decay due to gravitational wave emission, and black-hole mergers. We carefully construct initial conditions by considering the evolution during radiation domination as well as early-forming binary systems. We identify numerous dynamical effects due to the collisional nature of PBH dark matter, including evolution of the internal structures of PBH halos and the formation of a hot component of PBHs. We also study the properties of the emergent population of PBH binary systems, distinguishing those that form at primordial times from those that form during the nonlinear structure formation process. These results will be crucial to sharpen constraints on the PBH scenario derived from observational constraints on the gravitational wave background. Even under conservative assumptions, the gravitational radiation emitted over the course of the simulation appears to exceed current limits from ground-based experiments, but this depends on the evolution of the gravitational wave spectrum and PBH merger rate toward lower redshifts.

中文翻译：

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原始黑洞的结构形成：碰撞动力学、双星和引力波


原始黑洞 （PBH） 可以组成宇宙的暗物质含量。我们提出了 PBH 暗物质对宇宙学结构形成的首次模拟，这些模拟始终包括碰撞小体效应、后牛顿轨道校正、引力波发射引起的轨道衰减和黑洞合并。我们通过考虑辐射支配期间的演变以及早期形成的双星系统来仔细构建初始条件。由于 PBH 暗物质的碰撞性质，我们确定了许多动力学效应，包括 PBH 晕内部结构的演变和 PBH 热成分的形成。我们还研究了 PBH 双星系统涌现种群的特性，区分了在原始时间形成的种群和在非线性结构形成过程中形成的种群。这些结果对于加强对引力波背景的观测约束得出的 PBH 情景的约束至关重要。即使在保守的假设下，模拟过程中发射的引力辐射似乎也超过了地面实验的电流限制，但这取决于引力波谱和 PBH 合并率向较低红移的演变。