Aim

Legumes are vital to agroecosystems and human nutrition, yet climate change is compromising their nutritional value. This study aims to assess how a one-month exposure to elevated CO₂ (eCO₂) impacts biomass yield, mineral profile, gene expression, and the soil microbiome of common bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

Methods

Phaseolus vulgaris L. was grown in field conditions under ambient CO₂ (control, aCO₂, 400 ppm) or eCO₂ (600 pm) from the start of pod filling until plant maturity and analyzed for several morphophysiological and nutritional parameters.

Results

Compared with aCO₂, eCO₂ exposure significantly increased plant and grain biomass, with fluctuations in mineral accumulation. Notably, it decreased grain iron and zinc concentrations, two essential microelements related to food security, by 59% and 49%, respectively. Additionally, grain phenolic content decreased by up to 41%. Genes involved in mineral uptake (such as FER1, ZIP1, and ZIP16), plant response to stress (TCR1, TCR2, and HLH54) and symbiosis with soil microorganisms (NRMAP7 and RAM2) seemed to regulate effects. Microbiome analysis supported these findings, with an increase in the relative abundance of Pseudomonadota by 10%, suggesting eCO₂-induced alterations in microbial community structure.

Conclusions

This research demonstrates how eCO₂ impacts the nutritional quality of common beans regarding micronutrients and phenolic content, while also affecting soil microbiome composition. Highlighting the value of shorter term eCO₂ treatments, the findings provide early insights into immediate plant responses. This underscores the need for crop improvement strategies to address nutrient deficiencies that may arise under future eCO₂ conditions.

中文翻译：

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短期暴露于大气中升高的 CO2 对普通豆 （Phaseolus vulgaris） 的产量、营养成分、遗传调控途径和根际微生物群落的影响

 目的

豆类对农业生态系统和人类营养至关重要，但气候变化正在损害其营养价值。本研究旨在评估一个月暴露于高浓度 CO₂ （eCO₂） 如何影响普通豆类植物 （Phaseolus vulgaris L.） 的生物量产量、矿物质概况、基因表达和土壤微生物组。

 方法

从豆荚填充开始到植物成熟，在环境 CO₂（对照，aCO 2,400 ppm）或 eCO₂（600 pm）的田间条件下，菜豆 L. 在田间条件下生长，并分析了几种形态生理和营养参数。

 结果

与 aCO₂ 相比，eCO₂ 暴露显著增加了植物和谷物的生物量，但矿物质积累量有所波动。值得注意的是，它与粮食安全相关的两种基本微量元素铁和锌浓度分别降低了 59% 和 49%。此外，谷物酚类物质含量下降了高达 41%。参与矿物质吸收 （如 FER1 、 ZIP1 和 ZIP16）、植物对胁迫的反应 （TCR1 、 TCR2 和 HLH54） 以及与土壤微生物共生 （NRMAP7 和 RAM2） 的基因似乎调节作用。微生物组分析支持这些发现，假单胞菌的相对丰度增加了 10%，表明 eCO₂ 诱导了微生物群落结构的改变。

 结论

本研究展示了 eCO₂ 如何影响普通豆类的微量营养素和酚类物质含量的营养质量，同时也影响土壤微生物组组成。这些发现强调了短期 eCO₂ 处理的价值，为植物的即时反应提供了早期见解。这强调了作物改良策略的必要性，以解决在未来 eCO₂ 条件下可能出现的营养缺乏问题。