Lithium-ion batteries are among the most advanced electrochemical storage technologies and they are critical to the transition to sustainable energy systems. Despite their maturity, different chemistries are characterized by different technical, economic, environmental, and raw materials supply risks, highlighting the need for a comprehensive assessment. Seven lithium-ion battery chemistries were evaluated according to two domains: the techno-economic domain and the environmental and supply risk domain, and synthesized into an overall index called the Energy Storage Sustainability Index. A flexible multi-attribute evaluation tool, called Sustainable Technology Performance, has been developed based on the Multi-Attribute Value Theory model and the Analytic Hierarchy Process weighting method. The model’s uncertainties are addressed by employing various marginal value functions and scenarios for the weights of the domains in the main simulations, and variation for the input data and a different weighting procedure for the attributes in the five sensitivity analyses conducted. The Lithium Iron Phosphate-Natural Graphite battery emerges as the preferred option, performing better in three out of five scenarios in Simulation 1 and four out of five in Simulation 2, with high techno-economic scores (0.88 for Simulation 1 and 0.93 for Simulation 2) and good environmental and supply risk scores (0.47 for Simulation 1 and 0.6 for Simulation 2). Sensitivity analyses show that changing the weighting procedure from AHP to equal weights increases the contribution of attributes where the Lithium Iron Phosphate-Natural Graphite alternative underperforms, such as energy density and resource depletion. Overall, this alternative is preferred in most of the scenarios analyzed (twenty-six over fifty), highlighting its strengths in the techno-economic dimension.

中文翻译：

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用于锂离子电池多属性评估的灵活工具


锂离子电池是最先进的电化学存储技术之一，它们对于向可持续能源系统的过渡至关重要。尽管化学品成熟，但不同的化学品具有不同的技术、经济、环境和原材料供应风险，这凸显了全面评估的必要性。根据技术经济领域以及环境和供应风险领域两个领域评估了七种锂离子电池化学成分，并综合成一个称为储能可持续性指数的整体指数。基于多属性价值理论模型和层次分析过程加权方法开发了一种灵活的多属性评估工具，称为可持续技术性能。通过对主要模拟中域的权重采用各种边际值函数和情景，以及对输入数据的变化和对进行的五次敏感性分析中的属性使用不同的加权程序，解决了该模型的不确定性。磷酸铁锂-天然石墨电池成为首选，在模拟 1 的 5 个场景中的 3 个场景中表现更好，在模拟 2 的 5 个场景中表现更好，技术经济得分高（模拟 1 为 0.88，模拟 2 为 0.93）和良好的环境和供应风险评分（模拟 1 为 0.47，模拟 2 为 0.6）。敏感性分析表明，将加权程序从 AHP 更改为相等的权重会增加磷酸铁锂-天然石墨替代品表现不佳的属性的贡献，例如能量密度和资源消耗。 总体而言，在分析的大多数情景中（26 比 50）都是首选，突出了它在技术经济维度上的优势。