Cultural interaction has been shown to be important in the (re)organization of social relationships in pre-contact North America and an important causal factor in Mississippian origins throughout the U.S. Southeast and Midwest. Indeed, recent research has documented the significance of migration and other forms of far-flung interactions in the spread of Mississippian lifeways. The Mississippian period (CE 1000–1550) in the Southern Appalachian region of the US Southeast was a dynamic period of profound sociopolitical and ideological transformations that are associated with an increase in social complexity. Scholars have argued that interregional interactions during the 11th and 12th centuries established important relationships among Native American groups from Southern Appalachia. These connections have been poorly understood but appear to have been largely centered at the Etowah site in northwestern Georgia where engagements between potential diverse populations were instrumental in the spread of Mississippian practices and beliefs, eventually leading to the development of hierarchical regional polities. The functional and stylistic analysis of Etowah pottery (CE 1000–1100/1200) and a comparative and multivariate statistical analysis of ceramic assemblages from three adjacent regions of the interior Southeast, indicate that the earliest populations at Etowah were pluralistic and composed of disparate groups from northwestern Georgia and eastern Tennessee. However, unlike many communities, the diverse population at Etowah maintained distinct traditions of ceramic production and consumption, while simultaneously engaging in communal ceremonial activities. This unique perspective on Etowah’s origins deviates from typical Mississippian beginnings contexts and offers valuable insights into how cultural interactions occurred in pre-contact North America.

中文翻译：

---

阿巴拉契亚南部林地-密西西比晚期过渡期间的谈判互动


文化互动已被证明在接触前北美社会关系的（重新）组织（重新）组织中很重要，并且是密西西比起源于美国东南部和中西部的重要原因。事实上，最近的研究已经记录了移民和其他形式的遥远互动在密西西比人生活方式传播中的重要性。美国东南部阿巴拉契亚地区的密西西比时期（公元 1000-1550 年）是一个充满活力的时期，社会政治和意识形态发生了深刻的转变，这与社会复杂性的增加有关。学者们认为，11 世纪和 12 世纪的地区间互动在阿巴拉契亚南部的美洲原住民群体之间建立了重要的关系。这些联系知之甚少，但似乎主要集中在佐治亚州西北部的埃托瓦遗址，那里潜在的不同人群之间的接触有助于密西西比习俗和信仰的传播，最终导致了等级森严的区域政体的发展。对埃托瓦陶器（公元 1000-1100/1200 年）的功能和风格分析以及对东南部内陆三个相邻地区的陶瓷组合的比较和多变量统计分析表明，埃托瓦最早的人口是多元化的，由来自佐治亚州西北部和田纳西州东部的不同群体组成。然而，与许多社区不同的是，埃托瓦的多元化人口保持着独特的陶瓷生产和消费传统，同时参与公共仪式活动。 这种对 Etowah 起源的独特视角偏离了典型的密西西比起源背景，并为接触前北美的文化互动提供了宝贵的见解。