This study aims to examine the combined effects of green energy (Sustainable Development Goal, SDG-7.2), energy efficiency (SDG-7.3), and economic productivity (SDG-8.2) in mitigating energy-driven GHG emissions. The novelty of this study is that it extends the Kaya identity to mathematically explain how the two SDG-7 goals affect energy-driven emissions, and it provides global empirical evidence from 161 countries between1995 and 2019. The study also includes two-way and three-way interactions to better understand the complex interplay between the above SDG goals. Dynamic Common Correlated effects-instrumental variable estimation and Method of Moments-Quantile regression models were employed for the empirical investigation. The main findings confirm that green energy and energy efficiency significantly contribute to reducing energy-related emissions in all regions (except Asia in the case of green energy). The effects of green energy (energy efficiency) tend to slightly decrease (increase) as emissions levels rise. Economic productivity appears to trigger emissions, with the impact being stronger in low-productive regions. We also found a synergistic interplay between the two SDG-7 targets in mitigating energy-related emissions and weakening the emission-triggering effect of SDG-8.2 across different quantiles of emissions. Overall, maximizing the synergy between SDG-7 and 8 can substantially cut energy-driven emissions.

中文翻译：

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可持续发展目标背景下绿色能源、能源效率、经济生产力和能源驱动排放的动态：是否存在协同效应？


本研究旨在研究绿色能源（可持续发展目标，SDG-7.2）、能源效率（SDG-7.3）和经济生产力（SDG-8.2）在减少能源驱动的温室气体排放方面的综合影响。这项研究的新颖之处在于，它扩展了 Kaya 恒等式，以数学方式解释两个 SDG-7 目标如何影响能源驱动排放，并提供了 1995 年至 2019 年间来自 161 个国家的全球实证证据。该研究还包括双向和三向互动，以更好地了解上述可持续发展目标之间的复杂相互作用。采用动态共同相关效应-工具变量估计和矩-分位数回归模型进行实证调查。主要研究结果证实，绿色能源和能源效率对减少所有地区的能源相关排放做出了重大贡献（绿色能源方面，亚洲除外）。随着排放水平的上升，绿色能源（能源效率）的影响往往会略有降低（增加）。经济生产力似乎会引发排放，在低生产率地区的影响更大。我们还发现，两个 SDG-7 具体目标在减少能源相关排放和削弱 SDG-8.2 在不同排放分位数中的排放触发效应方面存在协同效应。总体而言，最大限度地发挥 SDG-7 和 8 之间的协同作用可以大幅减少能源驱动的排放。