Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin that severely pollutes feed ingredients, and methods for reducing DON toxicity have become a significant research direction. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is an active polyphenol found in some plants, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and a protective effect on animal intestinal health. The effects of CGA on DON-induced pyroptosis in the intestinal porcine epithelial cell line-J2 (IPEC-J2) and its potential mechanism were explored in this study. IPEC-J2 cells viability and membrane integrity were inversely correlated with DON concentration. Compared to those in the group treated with DON alone at 2,500 ng/mL, pretreatment with 80 μmol/L CGA for 4 h significantly improved cell viability (P < 0.01), and the alleviation of typical pyroptotic symptoms induced by DON were observed, including reduced cellular DNA fragmentation, decreased release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), normalized ROS levels, restoration of extracellular Ca2+ and K+ contents to normal levels (P < 0.01 ), as well as suppressed the enzyme activities of caspase-1 and caspase-4 (P < 0.01). Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of TNF, MDP, NOD2, TLR4, ASC and GSDMD were significantly improved (P < 0.01), while both mRNA and protein expression levels of NF-κB, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly upregulated (P < 0.01) in the CGA + DON group, compare to those in the DON group. Pretreatment with 80 μmol/L CGA for 4 h effectively alleviated pyroptosis in IPEC-J2 cells induced by 2,500 ng/mL of DON through inhibiting activation of the NF-κB/ NLRP3/capase-1 pathway.

中文翻译：

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绿原酸通过抑制 NF-κB/NLRP3/caspase-1 通路的激活来减轻脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇诱导的 IPEC-J2 焦亡


脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 （DON） 是一种严重污染饲料原料的霉菌毒素，降低 DON 毒性的方法已成为重要的研究方向。绿原酸 （CGA） 是一种存在于一些植物中的活性多酚，具有抗炎和抗氧化特性，对动物肠道健康有保护作用。本研究探讨了 CGA 对 DON 诱导的肠猪上皮细胞系-J2 （IPEC-J2） 焦亡的影响及其潜在机制。IPEC-J2 细胞活力和膜完整性与 DON 浓度呈负相关。与单独 2,500 ng/mL DON 处理组相比，80 μmol/L CGA 预处理 4 h 显著改善细胞活力 （P < 0.01），观察到 DON 诱导的典型焦亡症状缓解，包括细胞 DNA 片段化减少、乳酸脱氢酶 （LDH） 释放减少、ROS 水平正常化、 细胞外 Ca2+ 和 K+ 含量恢复到正常水平 （P < 0.01 ），并抑制 caspase-1 和 caspase-4 的酶活性 （P < 0.01）。此外，与 DON 组相比，CGA + DON 组 TNF 、 MDP 、 NOD2 、 TLR4 、 ASC 和 GSDMD 的 mRNA 表达水平显著升高 （P < 0.01），而 NF-κB 、 NLRP3 、 caspase-1 、 IL-1β 和 IL-18 的 mRNA 和蛋白表达水平显著上调 （P < 0.01）。80 μmol/L CGA 预处理 4 h 通过抑制 NF-κB/NLRP3/capase-1 通路的激活，有效缓解了 2,500 ng/mL DON 诱导的 IPEC-J2 细胞焦亡。