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Source specific fine particles and rates of asthma and COPD healthcare encounters pre- and post-implementation of the Tier 3 vehicle emissions control regulations
Journal of Hazardous Materials ( IF 12.2 ) Pub Date : 2024-12-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136737 Shao Lin, Yukang Xue, Sathvik Thandra, Quan Qi, Sally W. Thurston, Daniel P. Croft, Mark J. Utell, Philip K. Hopke, David Q. Rich
Journal of Hazardous Materials ( IF 12.2 ) Pub Date : 2024-12-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136737 Shao Lin, Yukang Xue, Sathvik Thandra, Quan Qi, Sally W. Thurston, Daniel P. Croft, Mark J. Utell, Philip K. Hopke, David Q. Rich
We examined associations between seven source-specific PM2.5 concentrations and rates of asthma and COPD hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits in New York State and compared the changes in excess rates (ERs) between pre- (2014–2016) and post-implementation (2017–2019) of the Tier 3 automobile emission controls on new vehicles policy. A modified time-stratified case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression were employed to estimate the ERs of asthma and COPD hospitalizations and ED visits associated with interquartile range (IQR) increases in source-specific PM2.5 concentrations. The 7 PM2.5 sources were spark-ignition emissions (GAS), diesel (DIE), biomass burning (BB), road dust (RD), secondary nitrate (SN), secondary sulfate (SS), and pyrolyzed organic rich (OP). Residual PM2.5 (PM2.5 – specific source [e.g., GAS]), daily temperature, relative humidity, weekday, and holidays were included in the model. IQR increases in GAS, SS, RD, BB, and SN were associated with increased ERs of asthma ED visits (highest ERs: 0.5 %−3.1 %), while a negative association was observed with DIE and OP. The rate of asthma hospitalizations was associated with increased RD concentrations (ERs: 1.3 %−1.7 %). Both COPD ED visit and hospitalization rates were associated with increased OP (ERs: 2.1 %−3.4 %), and increased SS was positively associated with COPD ED visits (ER = 3.8 %). In summary, after Tier 3 implementation (2017–2019), we found lower ERs for COPD admissions associated with BB, RD, SN, and SS compared to 2014–2016. However, rates of asthma ED visits associated with source-specific PM2.5 concentrations were generally higher for all sources, except DIE, post- versus pre-implementation, requiring further research for validation.
中文翻译:
哮喘和 COPD 医疗保健在实施 Tier 3 车辆排放控制法规之前和之后遇到的特定来源细颗粒物和发生率
我们检查了纽约州哮喘和 COPD 住院率以及急诊科 (ED) 就诊的七种特定来源 PM2.5 浓度与比率之间的关联,并比较了新车 3 级汽车排放控制政策实施前 (2014-2016) 和实施后 (2017-2019) 超额率 (ER) 的变化。采用修改后的时间分层病例交叉设计和条件 logistic 回归来估计哮喘和 COPD 住院的 ER,以及与来源特异性 PM2.5 浓度的四分位距 (IQR) 增加相关的急诊就诊。PM2.5 的 7 个来源是火花点火排放 (GAS)、柴油 (DIE)、生物质燃烧 (BB)、道路扬尘 (RD)、二次硝酸盐 (SN)、二次硫酸盐 (SS) 和热解有机物 (OP)。模型中包括残留 PM2.5(PM2.5 – 特定来源 [例如,GAS])、日温度、相对湿度、工作日和节假日。GAS、SS、RD、BB 和 SN 的 IQR 增加与哮喘 ED 就诊的 ER 增加相关 (最高 ER:0.5 %-3.1 %),而观察到与 DIE 和 OP 呈负相关。哮喘住院率与 RD 浓度增加 (ERs: 1.3 %-1.7 %) 相关。COPD ED 就诊率和住院率均与 OP 增加相关 (ERs: 2.1 %−3.4 %),SS 增加与 COPD ED 就诊呈正相关 (ER = 3.8 %)。总之,在第 3 层实施(2017-2019 年)后,我们发现与 BB、RD、SN 和 SS 相关的 COPD 入院 ERs 与 2014-2016 年相比较低。然而,与实施前相比,除 DIE 外,所有来源的哮喘 ED 就诊率通常较高,需要进一步研究以进行验证。
更新日期:2024-12-01
中文翻译:
哮喘和 COPD 医疗保健在实施 Tier 3 车辆排放控制法规之前和之后遇到的特定来源细颗粒物和发生率
我们检查了纽约州哮喘和 COPD 住院率以及急诊科 (ED) 就诊的七种特定来源 PM2.5 浓度与比率之间的关联,并比较了新车 3 级汽车排放控制政策实施前 (2014-2016) 和实施后 (2017-2019) 超额率 (ER) 的变化。采用修改后的时间分层病例交叉设计和条件 logistic 回归来估计哮喘和 COPD 住院的 ER,以及与来源特异性 PM2.5 浓度的四分位距 (IQR) 增加相关的急诊就诊。PM2.5 的 7 个来源是火花点火排放 (GAS)、柴油 (DIE)、生物质燃烧 (BB)、道路扬尘 (RD)、二次硝酸盐 (SN)、二次硫酸盐 (SS) 和热解有机物 (OP)。模型中包括残留 PM2.5(PM2.5 – 特定来源 [例如,GAS])、日温度、相对湿度、工作日和节假日。GAS、SS、RD、BB 和 SN 的 IQR 增加与哮喘 ED 就诊的 ER 增加相关 (最高 ER:0.5 %-3.1 %),而观察到与 DIE 和 OP 呈负相关。哮喘住院率与 RD 浓度增加 (ERs: 1.3 %-1.7 %) 相关。COPD ED 就诊率和住院率均与 OP 增加相关 (ERs: 2.1 %−3.4 %),SS 增加与 COPD ED 就诊呈正相关 (ER = 3.8 %)。总之,在第 3 层实施(2017-2019 年)后,我们发现与 BB、RD、SN 和 SS 相关的 COPD 入院 ERs 与 2014-2016 年相比较低。然而,与实施前相比,除 DIE 外,所有来源的哮喘 ED 就诊率通常较高,需要进一步研究以进行验证。