Fast and fine radiation source localization algorithm is of vital importance to lightning warning and protection. Current high-accuracy localization techniques, such as the time reversal technique (TR) and the multiple signal classification (MUSIC), are based on traversal search mechanism, which takes a long time. In this paper, the estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT) is applied to lightning radiation source localization, and the direction of arrival (DOA) can be directly solved through the covariance matrix, so it is very efficient. For the broadband VHF signal, the incoherent signal method (ISM) is combined with ESPRIT. Two classical structures of uniform L-shaped array and uniform circular array are studied and applied to ESPRIT algorithm. As for the uniform circular array, the fourth order cumulant matrix is constructed to find the translation invariant subarrays. To unwrap the phase ambiguity caused by the calculated phase angle of ESPRIT algorithm, the total least difference of slope (TLDS) principle is proposed. The proposed ESPRIT algorithm is more than 1400 times faster than MUSIC while its localization accuracy is still pretty high, which is able to detect the radiation source under -8 dB signal to noise ratio (SNR) according to the result of numerical simulations, and can map continuous and fine lightning development channel in the experiments on the measured lightning data.

中文翻译：

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基于 ESPRIT 算法的宽带 VHF 雷电辐射源定位


快速精细的辐射源定位算法对于雷电预警和保护至关重要。目前的高精度定位技术，如时间反转技术 （TR） 和多信号分类 （MUSIC） 等，都是基于遍历搜索机制的，耗时较长。该文将利用旋转不变性技术（ESPRIT）对信号参数的估计应用于雷电辐射源定位，通过协方差矩阵可以直接求解到达方向（DOA），效率很高。对于宽带 VHF 信号，非相干信号方法 （ISM） 与 ESPRIT 相结合。研究了均匀 L 形阵列和均匀圆形阵列两种经典结构，并将其应用于 ESPRIT 算法。对于均匀圆数组，构造四阶累积量矩阵以求平移不变子数组。为了解开 ESPRIT 算法计算相位角引起的相位模糊问题，该文提出总斜率最小差 （TLDS） 原理。所提出的ESPRIT算法比MUSIC快1400多倍，但定位精度仍然相当高，能够根据数值仿真结果检测-8 dB信噪比（SNR）下的辐射源，并能在实验中根据实测雷电数据映射连续精细的雷电发展通道。