The Internet of Things (IoT) is the basis of smart agriculture technology since it connects all aspects of intelligent systems in other industries and agricultural applications. The current farming methods are sufficient to supply adequate food in the future due to the fast-expanding global population. Smart farming aims to increase farm output and efficiency by leveraging state-of-the-art information technologies. The present study of IoT in agriculture was discussed in this review paper by studying significant literature, new techniques, protocols, challenges, issues, and potential paths for IoT-based smart farming. The soil-free technique connected to the hydroponic and aeroponic methods, known as soilless cultivation, is an alternative technology that can adapt well to such circumstances. The aeroponics method offers more advantages regarding faster plant development, increased productivity, and better nutrient absorption. Moreover, several methods and their measures used in aeroponics system using IoT devices were discussed.

中文翻译：

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对精准农业中物联网的现状和进展的全面综述


物联网 （IoT） 是智能农业技术的基础，因为它连接了其他行业和农业应用中智能系统的各个方面。由于全球人口的快速增长，目前的耕作方法足以在未来提供足够的食物。智能农业旨在通过利用最先进的信息技术来提高农场产量和效率。本综述论文通过研究基于物联网的智能农业的重要文献、新技术、协议、挑战、问题和潜在路径，讨论了目前对农业物联网的研究。与水培和气培方法相关的无土技术，称为无土栽培，是一种可以很好地适应这种情况的替代技术。气雾栽培方法在更快的植物发育、更高的生产力和更好的养分吸收方面具有更多优势。此外，还讨论了使用 IoT 设备的气雾栽培系统中使用的几种方法及其措施。