Severe wilt incidence with characteristic yellowing of older leaves was observed in Spathiphyllum plants of different commercial nurseries of Andhra Pradesh, India during 2021–2023. Upon isolation on potato dextrose agar medium, the fungus displayed aerial greyish white mycelium on upper surface and with yellow pink pigmentation on the lower surface. Microscopic observation of the three types of conidia namely microconidia, macroconidia and chlamydospores confirmed the morphological identity of the pathogen as genus Fusarium. Multi-gene sequencing analysis, utilizing ITS, Tef-1α, RPB1, and RPB2 gene sequences, further confirmed the pathogen's identity at the species level as Fusarium falciforme. Pathogenicity assays in 30 days old Spathiphyllum plants demonstrated that yellowing of leaves was observed seven days after pathogen inoculation using a non-invasive method, followed by complete wilting of the plants within 15 days. In addition, host range analysis revealed that the isolated pathogen isolate from wilted Spathiphyllum plants could cause complete wilting within 12–15 days post-inoculation in other economically important solanaceous crops such as tomato, brinjal, chili and tobacco, further highlighting its economic significance. Studies evaluating different fungicides revealed that root zone application of carbendazim 50 %WP at 1 g/l and tebuconazole 25.9 % EC at 1 ml/l were effective in controlling wilt incidence, achieving 77.78 % reduction as a prophylactic treatment and 66.67 % reduction as a curative treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study on Spathiphyllum wilt incidence and its management worldwide.

中文翻译：

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镰刀菌 （Fusarium falciforme） 在和平百合 （Spathiphyllum wallisii） 中引发枯萎病的特征


2021 年至 2023 年期间，在印度安得拉邦不同商业苗圃的 Spathiphyllum 植物中观察到严重的枯萎发生率，并伴有老叶特征性黄化。在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基上分离后，真菌上表面显示气生灰白色菌丝体，下表面显示黄粉色色素沉着。对 Microconidia、macroconidia 和 chlamydospores 这三种类型的分生孢子进行显微镜观察，证实了该病原菌为镰刀菌属的形态特性。利用 ITS、Tef-1α、RPB1 和 RPB2 基因序列进行多基因测序分析，进一步在物种水平上证实了病原体为恶性镰刀菌的身份。对 30 天龄的 Spathiphyllum 植物的致病性测定表明，使用非侵入性方法接种病原体后 7 天观察到叶子变黄，随后在 15 天内植物完全枯萎。此外，宿主范围分析显示，从枯萎的 Spathiphyllum 植物中分离的病原体分离物可在接种后 12-15 天内导致其他具有重要经济意义的茄科作物（如番茄、茄子、辣椒和烟草）完全枯萎，进一步凸显其经济意义。评估不同杀菌剂的研究表明，根区施用 1 g/l 的多菌灵 50 %可湿性粉和 1 ml/l 的戊唑醇 25.9% 乳油可有效控制枯萎病发生率，预防性治疗减少 77.78%，根治性治疗减少 66.67%。据我们所知，这是全球范围内首次对 Spathiphyllum 枯萎病发病率及其管理进行全面研究。