Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2024-11-29 , DOI: 10.1007/s10816-024-09669-2 Lech Czerniak
In the history of the “Danubian Neolithic” society, monumental ceremonial centers appeared around 4800 BCE and lost their importance around 300 years later. Among them, one of the most distinctive forms are rondels. However, it is worth remembering the contemporary Rosheim-type circles and Passy-type tombs. The name “rondels” refers to the currently preserved architectural form, dominated by concentric ditches. The article presents an analysis of the biography of a rondel from Nowe Objezierze (north-western Poland). For this purpose, the chaîne opératoire method was used, which is a very effective tool for reconstructing the full sequence of events including the construction, use and abandonment of the examined monument, in its historical and social context. Thanks to this, it was possible to draw attention to previously little-explored details of planning construction works, the skills of ritual leaders and the seasonal availability of some construction materials. As a consequence, the construction and use of rondels can be presented as a complex ceremonial cycle, stretched over time and interrupted by festivals. When the rondel was ready, the cycle began with renovating the surrounding wall and digging the ditch, most likely reaching its culmination on the day of the winter solstice. The celebrations ended with a ceremony of backfilling of the ditch.
中文翻译:
Nowe Objezierze(波兰西北部)新石器时代 Rondel 的建造、维护和仪式实践:Rondel 建筑的 chaîne opératoire
在“多瑙河新石器时代”社会的历史上,巨大的仪式中心出现在公元前 4800 年左右,并在大约 300 年后失去了其重要性。其中,最独特的形式之一是 rondels。然而,值得记住的是当代罗斯海姆式的圆圈和帕西式的坟墓。“rondels”这个名字指的是目前保存下来的建筑形式,以同心沟为主。本文分析了来自 Nowe Objezierze(波兰西北部)的一位 rondel 的传记。为此,使用了 chaîne opératoire 方法,这是一种非常有效的工具,可以在其历史和社会背景下重建整个事件序列,包括被检查的纪念碑的建造、使用和废弃。多因为如此,才有可能引起人们对以前很少探索的建筑工程规划细节、仪式领导者的技能以及一些建筑材料的季节性供应的关注。因此,圆顶舞曲的建造和使用可以呈现为一个复杂的仪式周期,随着时间的推移而延长并被节日打断。当圆顶帐篷准备好后,循环从翻新周围的墙壁和挖沟开始,很可能在冬至那天达到高潮。庆祝活动以填沟仪式结束。