Hyphomycetes are asexually reproducing parts in a fungal life cycle, and is an artificial classification. Hyphomycetes are fungi with diverse lifestyles, including saprobes, endophytes, plant and animal pathogens, hyperparasites, lichenized forms and extremophiles. Traditionally, morphological characters have been used to identify and classify hyphomycetes, which has led to many taxonomic controversies. Modern molecular methods based on DNA sequence data have developed a more reliable and natural classification of hyphomycetes. The present study revises the taxonomy of the brown-spored hyphomycetes based on both morphology and phylogeny. In total, 1,041 genera with brief notes are provided. Of these, 1,032 genera belong to Ascomycota (Dothideomycetes: 362; Eurotiomycetes: 34; Leotiomycetes: 22; Pezizomycetes: 7; Sordariomycetes: 210; Ascomycota genera incertae sedis: 397), and nine genera belong to Basidiomycota. In addition, 363 brown-spored hyphomycetous genera published since 2010 are listed. Multi-locus phylogeny, including 658 brown-spored hyphomycete genera within Ascomycota, are carried out using 28S nrDNA, 18S nrDNA and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), and the results show that 374 genera are phylogenetically placed in Dothideomycetes, 39 genera in Eurotiomycetes, 26 genera in Leotiomycetes, 6 genera in Pezizomycetes and 213 genera in Sordariomycetes. Based on the morphology and multi-gene phylogeny, 45 fresh collections are described in this study, including seven new genera, viz. Murihylinia, Pseudobrachysporiella, Saprosporodochifer, Solitariconidiophora, Tenebrosynnematica, Xenoberkleasmium, Xenostanjehughesia; 17 new species, viz. Acrodictys thailandica, Alfaria fusiformis, Conioscypha punctiformis, Gamsomyces breve, Murihylinia guizhouensis, Parafuscosporella atricolor, Pleocatenata thailandica, Polyplosphaeria appendiculata, Pseudobrachysporiella pyriforme, Saprosporodochifer fuscus, Solitariconidiophora guizhouensis, Sporidesmiella obovoidispora, Stachybotrys ellipsoidea, Tenebrosynnematica obclavata, Vanakripa obovoidea, Xenoberkleasmium chiangraiense, Yunnanomyces muriformis; one new combination, viz. Xenostanjehughesia polypora; nine new records, viz. Aquatisphaeria thailandica, Bahusandhika indica, Corynespora submersa, Fusariella sinensis, Helicodochium aquaticum, Pleopunctum ellipsoideum, Rhexoacrodictys erecta, Vikalpa dujuanhuensis, Virgaria nigra. Detailed descriptions and morphological illustrations are provided for these new taxa. Current taxonomic difficulties are discussed.

丝菌是真菌生命周期中的无性繁殖部分，是一种人工分类。菌类是具有多种生活方式的真菌，包括菌壳、内生菌、植物和动物病原体、超寄生虫、地衣化形式和极端微生物。传统上，形态特征被用于识别和分类丝孢菌，这导致了许多分类学争议。基于 DNA 序列数据的现代分子方法已经开发了一种更可靠和自然的菌类分类。本研究根据形态学和系统发育修改了棕色孢子菌的分类学。总共提供了 1,041 个属和简要说明。其中，1,032 属属于子囊菌门（Dothideomycetes：362;Eurotiomycetes： 34 个;Leotiomycetes： 22 个;Pezizomycetes： 7 个;索达里奥菌门：210 个;Ascomycota genera incertae sedis： 397），9 个属属于担子菌门。此外，还列出了自 2010 年以来发表的 363 个棕色孢子菌属。使用 28S nrDNA、18S nrDNA 和 RNA 聚合酶 II 第二大亚基 （rpb2） 进行了多位点系统发育，包括子囊菌门内的 658 个棕色孢子丝菌属，结果表明，Dothideomycetes 中有 374 个属，Eurotiomycetes 中有 39 个属，Leotiomycetes 中有 26 个属，Pezizomycetes 中有 6 个属，Sordariomycetes 中有 213 个属.基于形态学和多基因系统发育，本研究描述了 45 个新鲜集合，包括 7 个新属，即。 Murihylinia， Pseudobrachysporiella， Saprosporodochifer， Solitariconidiophora， Tenebrosynnematica， Xenoberkleasmium， Xenostanjehughesia;17 个新种，即 Acrodictys thailandica、Alfaria fusiformis、Conioscypha punctiformis、Gamsomyces breve、Murihylinia guizhouensis、Parafuscosporella atricolor、Pleocatenata thailandica、Polyplosphaeria appendiculata、Pseudobrachysporiella pyriforme、Saprosporodochifer fuscus、Solitariconidiophora guizhouensis、Sporidesmiella obovoidispora、Stachybotrys ellipsoidea、Tenebrosynnematica obclavata、Vanakripa obovoidea、Xenoberkleasmium chiangraiense、Yunnanomyces muriformis;一种新的组合，即 Xenostanjehughesia polypora;九项新记录，即 Aquatisphaeria thailandica、Bahusandhika indica、Corynespora submersa、Fusariella sinensis、Helicodochium aquaticum、Pleopunctum ellipsoideum、Rhexoacrodictys erecta、Vikalpa dujuanhuensis、Virgaria nigra。为这些新分类群提供了详细的描述和形态学插图。讨论了当前的分类学难点。