Indian society presents heterogeneity across two identities – that is, religion and caste – that lead to heterogenous economic outcomes, but affirmative action is mostly applicable to caste. Our empirical models affirm that economically less secure households have a higher homeownership propensity in India. Minority religions and backward castes also have a significantly higher propensity to own homes. This is in sharp contrast to findings in the US where minority households are associated with lower homeownership rates. Further, religious and caste-based identities in India lead to different household behaviours in differing demographic mixes. Religious identity in India is more salient than caste identity in explaining differing homeownership patterns.

中文翻译：

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社会身份在解释印度房屋所有权模式中的显著性


印度社会在两种身份（即宗教和种姓）之间呈现异质性，这导致了异质性的经济结果，但平权行动主要适用于种姓。我们的实证模型证实，在印度，经济上不太安全的家庭具有更高的房屋所有权倾向。少数宗教和落后种姓拥有房屋的倾向也明显更高。这与美国的调查结果形成鲜明对比，在美国，少数族裔家庭与较低的房屋拥有率相关。此外，印度的宗教和种姓身份导致不同人口组合中的不同家庭行为。在解释不同的房屋所有权模式方面，印度的宗教身份比种姓身份更突出。