Research into diagnostic biosensors is a vibrant field that combines scientific challenge with translational opportunities; innovation in healthcare is of great societal interest and is an essential element of future healthcare provision. Photonic and electrochemical biosensors are the dominant modalities, both scientifically and commercially, yet the two scientific communities largely remain separated and siloed. It seems astute to better understand what the two fields can learn from one another so as to progress the key scientific, translational, and commercial challenges. Here, we provide an analysis of the fundamental operational characteristics of photonic and electrochemical biosensors using a classification based on energy transfer; in photonics, this separates refractive index sensors from fluorescence and vibrational spectroscopy, while in electrochemistry, it distinguishes Faradaic from non-Faradaic processes. This classification allows us to understand some of the key performance characteristics, such as the susceptibility to fouling and dependence on the clinical matrix that is being analyzed. We discuss the use of labels and the ultimate performance limits, and some of the unique advantages of photonics, such as multicolor operation and fingerprinting, and critically evaluate the requirements for translation of these technologies for clinical use. We trust that this critical review will inform future research in biosensors and support both scientific and commercial developments.

中文翻译：

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用于近患者测试的光子和电化学生物传感器 - 一个关键的比较。


诊断生物传感器的研究是一个充满活力的领域，将科学挑战与转化机遇相结合;医疗保健创新具有重大的社会利益，是未来医疗保健提供的基本要素。光子和电化学生物传感器在科学和商业上都是主导模式，但这两个科学界在很大程度上仍然是孤立和孤立的。更好地了解这两个领域可以相互学习什么，以推进关键的科学、转化和商业挑战，这似乎是很精明的。在这里，我们使用基于能量转移的分类对光子和电化学生物传感器的基本工作特性进行了分析;在光子学中，它将折光率传感器与荧光和振动光谱分开，而在电化学中，它将法拉第过程与非法拉第过程区分开来。这种分类使我们能够了解一些关键的性能特征，例如对结垢的敏感性和对正在分析的临床基质的依赖性。我们讨论了标签的使用和最终性能极限，以及光子学的一些独特优势，例如多色操作和指纹识别，并批判性地评估了将这些技术转化为临床使用的要求。我们相信，这篇重要的综述将为生物传感器的未来研究提供信息，并支持科学和商业发展。