Amid the aquaculture boom, chemical contaminants, diseases, and improper nutrition persist as threats to the sustainability of aquaculture. The accumulation of lipid droplets in different tissues has emerged as a hallmark in aquatic animals exposed to these stressors. While abundant knowledge is available on lipid droplets in mammals, relatively little is known in aquatic animals. Recently, interest in lipid droplets has grown in parallel with the recognition that they are actively engaged in the regulation of stress responses, metabolic modulation, infections, and immune response in different aquatic animals. This review first outlines the diversity of lipid droplets protein in various aquatic animals and discusses the function of lipid droplets in maintaining cellular homeostasis by contacting other organelles. Subsequently, the mechanisms of lipid droplet biogenesis in response to various chemical contaminants are summarized. Additionally, we describe the complex roles of lipid droplets in the host‐pathogen dynamic and the link between excessive lipid droplets accumulation and unwanted metabolic diseases in several aquatic animals. Finally, the potential application of lipid droplets in aquaculture is presented. A better understanding of the dynamics and functions of lipid droplets will facilitate the development of lipid droplets‐based therapeutic strategies, thereby improving the sustainability of aquaculture.

中文翻译：

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水生动物中的脂滴：多样性、生物发生和功能意义


在水产养殖热潮中，化学污染物、疾病和营养不当持续成为对水产养殖可持续性的威胁。脂滴在不同组织中的积累已成为暴露于这些应激源的水生动物的标志。虽然关于哺乳动物脂质液滴的知识丰富，但对水生动物的了解相对较少。最近，人们对脂滴的兴趣与人们认识到它们积极参与不同水生动物的应激反应、代谢调节、感染和免疫反应的调节同时增长。本文首先概述了各种水生动物中脂滴蛋白的多样性，并讨论了脂滴通过接触其他细胞器维持细胞稳态的功能。随后，总结了响应各种化学污染物的脂滴生物发生机制。此外，我们描述了脂滴在宿主-病原体动态中的复杂作用，以及几种水生动物中过量脂滴积累与不需要的代谢疾病之间的联系。最后，介绍了脂滴在水产养殖中的潜在应用。更好地了解脂滴的动力学和功能将有助于开发基于脂滴的治疗策略，从而提高水产养殖的可持续性。