Severe membrane fouling and low CH4 content in the produced biogas have restricted the applicability and energy recovery profit of the anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR). Herein, a novel AnMBR was constructed with an electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (electro-HER) by double anodes and a titanium membrane-cathode (eHAnMBR). The electro-HER was controlled and enhanced by sacrificed iron anode under low voltage, to mitigate membrane fouling and upgrade biogas simultaneously. The critical factors in electro-HER were investigated to influence the AnMBR system, including hydrogen, applied voltage, and Fe ions. The voltage and hydrogen enhanced the hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis process and enriched hydrophilic Methanobacterium and Methanosarcina, thereby improving biogas purity by up to 28% and increasing total CH₄ production by 46%. Furthermore, the electro-HER on the membrane-cathode decreased the transmembrane pressure by 30%. Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMs) was innovatively applied to visualize the organic foulants in membrane pores. The electro-HER not only produced H2 to optimize cake layer structure but also produced local alkalinity on the membrane surface, to remove extracellular polymeric substances in membrane pores. Additionally, Fe2+/Fe3+ released from the sacrificial iron anode, facilitated phosphate precipitation and removal from 15.7% to 37.9%. This study presents a novel and sustainable wastewater treatment solution by integrating the electro-HER process with AnMBR, enabling both energy recovery and membrane antifouling.

中文翻译：

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新型 Electro-AnMBR 中牺牲阳极实现膜防污和甲烷升级的析氢机制和增强


严重的膜污染和产生的沼气中低 CH4 含量限制了厌氧膜生物反应器 （AnMBR） 的适用性和能量回收利润。在此，通过双阳极和钛膜阴极 （eHAnMBR） 的电化学析氢反应 （electro-HER） 构建了一种新型 AnMBR。在低电压下通过牺牲铁阳极来控制和增强电热，以减轻膜污染并同时升级沼气。研究了影响 AnMBR 系统的关键因素，包括氢、外加电压和 Fe 离子。电压和氢气增强了氢营养甲烷生成过程，并富集了亲水性甲烷杆菌和甲烷肉菌，从而将沼气纯度提高了 28%，并将 CH₄ 总产量提高了 46%。此外，膜阴极上的电 HER 使跨膜压力降低了 30%。飞行时间二次离子质谱法 （TOF-SIMs） 被创新地应用于可视化膜孔中的有机污垢。electro-HER 不仅产生 H2 以优化滤饼层结构，而且在膜表面产生局部碱度，以去除膜孔中的细胞外聚合物物质。此外，从牺牲铁阳极释放的 Fe2+/Fe3+ 促进了磷酸盐沉淀和从 15.7% 到 37.9% 的去除。本研究通过将 electro-HER 工艺与 AnMBR 相结合，提出了一种新颖且可持续的废水处理解决方案，可实现能量回收和膜防污。