Volcanoes are dynamic systems whose surfaces constantly evolve. During volcanic eruptions, which can pose great threat to local communities, significant changes to the local topography occur as edifices build up and/or collapse and lava, tephra and other eruptive products are deposited. Monitoring such changes in topography is crucial to risk assessment and the prediction of further eruptive behaviour. Multistatic Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is a remote sensing modality particularly suited to this task as it allows for the creation of digital elevation models (DEMs) that can accurately map out three-dimensional changes in the topography, regardless of weather conditions and temporal decorrelation caused by volcanic activity. Few such missions are however currently operational. Harmony is an upcoming ESA mission that will be operating alongside Sentinel-1 and will provide multistatic InSAR capabilities for the measurement of stress and deformation across the cryosphere, the oceans and the solid earth, with the monitoring of topographic change due to volcanic eruptions being one of the specific areas of focus for the mission.

中文翻译：

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使用多基地 SAR 卫星测量火山喷发后的地形变化：为 ESA 的 Harmony 任务做准备的模拟


火山是其表面不断演变的动态系统。火山喷发可能对当地社区构成巨大威胁，随着建筑物的堆积和/或倒塌以及熔岩、火山灰和其他喷发产物的沉积，当地地形会发生重大变化。监测地形的这种变化对于风险评估和预测进一步的喷发行为至关重要。多基地干涉合成孔径雷达 （InSAR） 是一种特别适合这项任务的遥感模式，因为它允许创建数字高程模型 （DEM），无论天气条件和火山活动引起的时间去相关如何，都可以准确绘制地形的三维变化。然而，目前很少有这样的任务在运作。Harmony 是即将到来的 ESA 任务，将与 Sentinel-1 一起运行，并将提供多基地 InSAR 功能，用于测量整个冰冻圈、海洋和固体地球的应力和变形，监测火山喷发引起的地形变化是该任务的具体重点领域之一。