The Linearbandkeramik (LBK) Neolithic communities were the first to spread farming across large parts of Europe. We report genome-wide data for 250 individuals: 178 individuals from whole-cemetery surveys of the Alföld Linearbankeramik Culture eastern LBK site of Polgár-Ferenci-hát, the western LBK site of Nitra Horné Krškany and the western LBK settlement and massacre site of Asparn-Schletz, as well as 48 LBK individuals from 16 other sites and 24 earlier Körös and Starčevo individuals from 17 more sites. Here we show a systematically higher percentage of western hunter-gatherer ancestry in eastern than in western LBK sites, showing that these two distinct LBK groups had different genetic trajectories. We find evidence for patrilocality, with more structure across sites in the male than in the female lines and a higher rate of within-site relatives for males. At Asparn-Schletz we find almost no relatives, showing that the massacred individuals were from a large population, not a small community.

Linearbandkeramik （LBK） 新石器时代社区是第一个将农业扩展到欧洲大部分地区的社区。我们报告了 250 个个体的全基因组数据：178 个个体来自 Alföld Linearbankeramik 文化、Polgár-Ferenci-hát 东部 LBK 遗址、Nitra Horné Krškany 西部 LBK 遗址和 Asparn-Schletz 西部 LBK 定居点和大屠杀遗址的整个墓地调查，以及来自其他 16 个地点的 48 个 LBK 个体和来自另外 17 个地点的 24 个早期 Körös 和 Starčevo 个体。在这里，我们显示了东部西部狩猎采集者血统的系统性百分比高于西部 LBK 站点，表明这两个不同的 LBK 群体具有不同的遗传轨迹。我们发现了父系性的证据，雄性品系的跨位点结构比雌性品系多，并且雄性位点内亲属的比例更高。在 Asparn-Schletz，我们几乎没有找到亲属，这表明被屠杀的人来自大量人口，而不是一个小社区。