As described by early sociological research (Goffman, 1963, Behavior in public places: Notes on the social organization of gatherings), a typical behavioural pattern in public encounters between strangers is so‐called Civil Inattention (CI). CI describes a ritual of politely communicating having noticed the other while assuring non‐communication intentions. A typical example of showing CI is initially looking at the other person but then quickly averting the gaze. As argued earlier, CI fulfils a central role in the smooth functioning of a society. Also, CI gains new relevance in the digital era, in particular regarding privacy needs. Still, previous research on CI often remained on a theoretical or descriptive level, and its psychological functions have not been explored systematically. As an advancement, our study provides a deeper understanding of CI, exploring individual narratives, relevant psychological needs, and contextual factors. We conducted a qualitative interview study (N = 25) followed by an experimental online study (N = 353) with a 2 (presence of CI) × 2 (physical distance) mixed design. It shows that CI adds to well‐being and specifically addresses needs for relatedness, security, and autonomy. However, though Study 1 suggested physical distance as a relevant contextual factor, the present experimental manipulation in Study 2 did not show significant effects.

中文翻译：

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与公民疏忽相关的心理需求：对公共接触的定性和定量观点


正如早期社会学研究所描述的（Goffman， 1963， Behavior in public places： Notes on the social organization of gatherings），陌生人之间公共接触的典型行为模式是所谓的公民注意力不集中 （CI）。CI 描述了一种礼貌地交流的仪式，即在注意到对方的同时确保非交流意图。显示 CI 的一个典型示例是最初看着另一个人，但随后迅速转移了目光。如前所述，CI 在社会的顺利运作中发挥着核心作用。此外，CI 在数字时代获得了新的相关性，尤其是在隐私需求方面。尽管如此，以前关于 CI 的研究往往停留在理论或描述层面，其心理功能尚未得到系统探索。作为一项进步，我们的研究提供了对 CI 的更深入理解，探索了个人叙述、相关心理需求和背景因素。我们进行了一项定性访谈研究 （N = 25），然后进行了一项实验性在线研究 （N = 353），采用 2 （存在 CI） × 2 （物理距离） 混合设计。它表明 CI 增加了幸福感，并专门解决了对相关性、安全性和自主性的需求。然而，尽管研究 1 建议将物理距离作为一个相关的背景因素，但研究 2 中的当前实验操作并未显示出显着影响。