Vanadium oxides with high theoretical capacity are attractive cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs), while their practical usage is still obstructed by the vanadium dissolution, structure deterioration, and sluggish reaction kinetics during cycles. Herein, ultrathin dual-carbon-protected V₂O₃ nanosheets are developed to tackle these issues through stepwise MXene and MOF conversion. As-designed C@V₂O₃@C nanosheets exhibit structural merits of large surface area, porous structure, small size, high V₂O₃ content, and ultrathin inner/outer dual-carbon matrix. For Zn-ion storage, these structural advantages endow a C@V₂O₃@C cathode with good capacity retention of ∼100% at 1 A g⁻¹ and excellent cycling performance over 3000 cycles. Remarkably, it manifests an exceptional rate capability of 402 mA h g⁻¹ at 50 A g⁻¹, outperforming most reported cathode materials for AZIBs. Combined in/ex situ experiments and theoretical calculation further illuminate the reaction mechanism of V₂O₃ with initial activation process and subsequent reversible H⁺/Zn²⁺ co-insertion/extraction reactions, along with the effect of carbon matrix on the superior performance by suppressing V dissolution, enhancing the structural stability, improving the pseudocapacitive behavior, and boosting the electron/ion transportation ability of the vanadium oxide cathode. As a proof of concept, as-assembled flexible ZIBs with excellent battery performance can be integrated into a self-powered sensor system for human motion monitoring, highlighting the potential application of the C@V₂O₃@C cathode for wearable electronics.

中文翻译：

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逐步 MXene 和 MOF 转换辅助超薄双碳保护 V2O3 纳米片，用于超快和耐用的 Zn-ion 存储


具有高理论容量的钒氧化物是水性锌离子电池 （AZIB） 的有吸引力的阴极，但其实际应用仍受到钒溶解、结构恶化和循环过程中反应动力学缓慢的阻碍。在此，开发了超薄双碳保护 V₂O₃ 纳米片，通过逐步 MXene 和 MOF 转换来解决这些问题。设计C@V₂O₃@C 纳米片具有表面积大、多孔结构、体积小、V₂O₃ 含量高、内/外双碳基体等结构优点。对于锌离子存储，这些结构优势赋予了C@V₂O₃@C 阴极在 1 A ^g-1 时 ∼100% 的良好容量保持率，并在 3000 次循环中具有出色的循环性能。值得注意的是，它在 50 A ^g-1 时表现出 402 mA h ^g-1 的出色倍率能力，优于大多数已报道的 AZIB 阴极材料。结合原位/非原位实验和理论计算进一步阐明了 V₂O₃ 与初始活化过程和随后可逆的 H⁺/Zn²⁺ 共插入/萃取反应的反应机理，以及碳基体通过抑制 V 溶解、增强结构稳定性、改善伪电容行为等对优异性能的影响。提高氧化钒阴极的电子/离子传输能力。 作为概念验证，具有出色电池性能的组装后柔性 ZIB 可以集成到用于人体运动监测的自供电传感器系统中，突出了 C@V₂O₃@C 阴极在可穿戴电子设备中的潜在应用。