BACKGROUND Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) often attribute the onset or worsening of gastrointestinal symptoms to intake of food. Hence, in order to alleviate symptoms, patients with IBS may avoid triggering foods, potentially impacting their dietary intake and diet quality. This study aimed to compare the habitual diet intake and quality of IBS patients with controls, and to explore the association between dietary habits and symptoms in IBS patients. METHODS IBS patients were included from four clinical studies reporting habitual dietary intakes at baseline. Age- and sex-matched controls representing the general population were derived from the Swedish population-based Riksmaten study. Dietary intakes were assessed using 4-day food diaries. Diet quality was measured using a diet quality index (DQI-SNR), and diet diversity was scored based on the variety of food groups consumed. RESULTS The study included 646 patients with IBS and 646 controls (38±14 years, 77% female). Both groups adhered to Nordic nutrition recommendations for macronutrients, except patients consumed fewer carbohydrates. Patients reported eating less carbohydrates, coffee, and dairy products, and more fats, lactose-free dairy products, and nuts and seeds compared to controls. Fewer patients had a good diet quality according to the DQI-SNR. In patients, symptom severity and gastrointestinal-specific anxiety were associated with reduced energy and carbohydrate intake, lower diet diversity, and worse diet quality. Poor diet quality was associated with younger age, more severe IBS symptoms, anxiety, and depression. CONCLUSION Patients with IBS exhibit different dietary patterns compared to controls, with poorer dietary habits linked to more severe symptoms. Understanding food-symptom associations may enhance the optimization and personalization of dietary management for IBS patients.

中文翻译：

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肠易激综合征的饮食摄入量和质量：与对照的比较研究以及与症状严重程度的关联。


背景 肠易激综合征 （IBS） 患者通常将胃肠道症状的发作或恶化归因于食物摄入。因此，为了缓解症状，IBS 患者可能会避免触发食物，这可能会影响他们的饮食摄入量和饮食质量。本研究旨在比较 IBS 患者与对照组的习惯性饮食摄入和质量，并探讨 IBS 患者饮食习惯与症状之间的关联。方法 IBS 患者来自四项报告基线时习惯性饮食摄入的临床研究。代表一般人群的年龄和性别匹配对照来自瑞典基于人群的 Riksmaten 研究。使用 4 天的食物日记评估膳食摄入量。使用饮食质量指数 （DQI-SNR） 测量饮食质量，并根据食用的食物类别的种类对饮食多样性进行评分。结果 该研究包括 646 名 IBS 患者和 646 名对照患者 （38±14 岁，77% 为女性）。两组都遵守北欧营养学的宏量营养素建议，但患者摄入的碳水化合物较少。患者报告说，与对照组相比，碳水化合物、咖啡和乳制品吃得更少，脂肪、无乳糖乳制品、坚果和种子吃得更多。根据 DQI-SNR 的数据，饮食质量良好的患者较少。在患者中，症状严重程度和胃肠道特异性焦虑与能量和碳水化合物摄入量减少、饮食多样性降低和饮食质量差相关。饮食质量差与年龄较小、更严重的 IBS 症状、焦虑和抑郁有关。结论 与对照组相比，IBS 患者表现出不同的饮食模式，较差的饮食习惯与更严重的症状相关。 了解食物-症状关联可能会增强 IBS 患者饮食管理的优化和个性化。