Gut microbiota exert functions of high importance in the intestine. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence for its role in immune regulation and maintenance of homeostasis in many physiological processes taking place in distant tissues. In particular, in this review, we explore the impact of metabolites produced by the gut microbiota on the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). Probiotics and prebiotics balance the microbiota and promote the generation of bacterial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan derivates, which promote the regulation of the exacerbated AD immune response through regulatory T cells and IL-10 and TGF-β cytokines. Metabolites also have a direct action on keratinocytes once they reach the bloodstream. Besides, probiotics decrease the levels of metabolites associated with AD onset, such as phenols. Understanding all these crosstalk processes between the gut and the skin reveals a number of possibilities, mainly through the manipulation of the gut microbiome, which may represent therapeutic strategies that can contribute to the standard treatments of AD patients to improve their quality of life.

中文翻译：

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解开特应性皮炎的肠-皮肤轴：利用治疗策略的见解。


肠道微生物群在肠道中发挥着非常重要的功能。此外，越来越多的证据表明它在远处组织中发生的许多生理过程中的免疫调节和维持体内平衡中的作用。特别是，在这篇综述中，我们探讨了肠道微生物群产生的代谢物对特应性皮炎 （AD） 发展的影响。益生菌和益生元平衡微生物群并促进细菌代谢物的产生，例如短链脂肪酸和色氨酸衍生物，这些代谢物通过调节性 T 细胞以及 IL-10 和 TGF-β 细胞因子促进对加剧的 AD 免疫反应的调节。代谢物一旦到达血液，也会对角质形成细胞产生直接作用。此外，益生菌可降低与 AD 发作相关的代谢物的水平，例如酚类。了解肠道和皮肤之间的所有这些串扰过程揭示了许多可能性，主要是通过操纵肠道微生物组，这可能代表有助于 AD 患者标准治疗以改善其生活质量的治疗策略。