保持凉爽：撒哈拉银蚁增强的光学反射和辐射散热,Science

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保持凉爽：撒哈拉银蚁增强的光学反射和辐射散热
Science ( IF 44.7 ) Pub Date : 2015-06-18 , DOI: 10.1126/science.aab3564
Norman Nan Shi ₁ , Cheng-Chia Tsai ₁ , Fernando Camino ₂ , Gary D. Bernard ₃ , Nanfang Yu ₁ , Rüdiger Wehner ₄

Affiliation

保持凉爽银蚂蚁栖息在地球上最热、最干燥的环境之一——撒哈拉沙漠，在那里，大多数昆虫在接触后瞬间萎缩和死亡。石等人。表明覆盖他们身体的三角形银毛使这种存在成为可能。即使在阳光充足的条件下，这些毛发也能增加近红外线的反射并散发蚂蚁身体的热量。Evolution 对这个物种的强烈热量管理的简单解决方案可能会导致更好的设计来对人造物体进行被动冷却。科学，这个问题 p。298 撒哈拉蚂蚁身上的银毛有助于强烈热量的反射和消散。撒哈拉银蚁 Cataglyphis bombycina 在非洲沙漠的极端温度条件下觅食。我们表明蚂蚁显眼的银色外观是由具有两种体温调节作用的密集三角形毛发形成的。它们不仅增强了蚂蚁体表在可见光和近红外光谱范围内的反射率，在那里太阳辐射达到顶峰，而且还增强了蚂蚁在中红外区的发射率。后一种效应使动物能够在全日光条件下通过黑体辐射有效地将热量散发回周围环境。这种针对体温调节问题的生物解决方案可能会导致开发用于物体被动辐射冷却的仿生涂层。太阳辐射达到顶峰的地方，还有蚂蚁在中红外区域的发射率。后一种效应使动物能够在全日光条件下通过黑体辐射有效地将热量散发回周围环境。这种针对体温调节问题的生物解决方案可能会导致开发用于物体被动辐射冷却的仿生涂层。太阳辐射达到顶峰的地方，还有蚂蚁在中红外区域的发射率。后一种效应使动物能够在全日光条件下通过黑体辐射有效地将热量散发回周围环境。这种针对体温调节问题的生物解决方案可能会导致开发用于物体被动辐射冷却的仿生涂层。

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Keeping cool: Enhanced optical reflection and radiative heat dissipation in Saharan silver ants

Keeping cool Silver ants inhabit one of the hottest and driest environments on Earth, the Saharan sands, where most insects shrivel and die moments after contact. Shi et al. show that the triangular shape of the silver hairs that cover their bodies enables this existence. The hairs both increase the reflection of near-infrared rays and dissipate heat from the ants' bodies, even under full sun conditions. Evolution's simple solution to intense heat management in this species could lead to better designs for passive cooling of human-produced objects. Science, this issue p. 298 Silver hairs on Saharan ants facilitate both reflection and dissipation of intense heat. Saharan silver ants, Cataglyphis bombycina, forage under extreme temperature conditions in the African desert. We show that the ants’ conspicuous silvery appearance is created by a dense array of triangular hairs with two thermoregulatory effects. They enhance not only the reflectivity of the ant’s body surface in the visible and near-infrared range of the spectrum, where solar radiation culminates, but also the emissivity of the ant in the mid-infrared. The latter effect enables the animals to efficiently dissipate heat back to the surroundings via blackbody radiation under full daylight conditions. This biological solution for a thermoregulatory problem may lead to the development of biomimetic coatings for passive radiative cooling of objects.

更新日期：2015-06-18

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