The recalcitrant nature of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw, one of the most abundant agricultural residues, presents challenges for efficient decomposition, limiting nutrient release and organic matter retention in soils. Understanding the effects of tillage practices on wheat straw decomposition and shaping associated microbial communities is essential for enhancing microbial-mediated breakdown and optimizing residue management to enhance soil health, nutrient cycling, and sustainability in agricultural systems. In this study, the effect of different tillage practices on wheat straw decomposition and associated bacterial and fungal community compositions during non-growing and growing seasons were studied. To simulate tillage, litter bags filled with wheat straw were placed at respective soil depths for conventional (22–24 cm) and reduced (8–10 cm) tillage, and on the surface for the no-tillage treatment. The subsets of the litter bags were randomly retrieved after 145 days and at the end of the experiment after 290 days. Statistical analysis revealed that tillage treatments significantly influenced the decomposition rate and nutrient release over time. Overall, the alpha diversity of the decomposition-associated microbial community was not substantially affected by different tillage treatments, while beta diversity exhibited distinct microbial community compositions in relation to tillage practices. The results of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of wheat straw decomposition-associated bacterial and fungal communities’ response to different tillage treatments, with observations made at two distinct sampling times (non-growing and growing seasons) under certain edaphic and climatic conditions.

小麦 （Triticum aestivum L.） 秸秆是最丰富的农业残留物之一，其顽固性对有效分解、限制养分释放和土壤中有机质的保留提出了挑战。了解耕作方法对小麦秸秆分解和塑造相关微生物群落的影响对于增强微生物介导的分解和优化残留物管理以增强土壤健康、养分循环和农业系统的可持续性至关重要。在本研究中，研究了不同耕作方式对非生长季节和生长季节小麦秸秆分解以及相关细菌和真菌群落组成的影响。为了模拟耕作，将装满小麦秸秆的垃圾袋放置在各自的土壤深度进行常规 （22-24 cm） 和减少 （8-10 cm） 耕作，并放置在免耕处理的表面上。猫砂袋的子集在 145 天后和 290 天后实验结束时随机检索。统计分析表明，随着时间的推移，耕作处理显着影响分解速率和养分释放。总体而言，与分解相关的微生物群落的 α 多样性不受不同耕作处理的重大影响，而 β 多样性表现出与耕作实践相关的不同微生物群落组成。本研究的结果有助于更深入地了解小麦秸秆分解相关的细菌和真菌群落对不同耕作处理的反应，在某些 edaphic 和气候条件下，在两个不同的采样时间（非生长季节和生长季节）进行观察。