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High-Intensity Interval Training for Cancer Patients: A Review of Key Considerations for Exercise Prescription
Sports Medicine ( IF 9.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-11-27 , DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02145-7
Gilmar Dias-da-Silva, Valéria L. G. Panissa, Sophie F. M. Derchain, Marina L. V. Ferreira, Guilherme D. Telles, Glenda B. B. Buzaglo, Rafaela B. Araújo, Felipe C. Vechin, Miguel S. Conceição

Background

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) performed before, during, and after cancer treatment can attenuate the adverse effects induced by anti-cancer drugs. A clear presentation and rationale of characteristics of HIIT variables is vital to produce the expected HIIT adaptations in cancer patients. However, there are concerns regarding the HIIT protocols used in the cancer literature.

Objectives

The aims were to (1) identify the characteristics of HIIT and the formats that have been prescribed, (2) analyze which anchors have been utilized to prescribe effort and pause intensity, (3) examine characteristics of the physical tests used for HIIT prescription, and (4) identify potential adverse events related to HIIT intervention.

Methods

This scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases.

Results

A total of 51 studies were retrieved, and the following results were found: (1) Only 25 studies reported all four essential variables for HIIT prescription [effort intensity (effort duration): pause intensity (pause duration)]. Of these studies, 23 used active pause and employed the following prescription (on average): [84% (116 s): 39% (118 s)] when percentage of maximal aerobic power (MAP) [maximal/peak oxygen uptake (\({{{V}}}\)O2max/peak)/MAP] was used; [124% (161 s): 55% (142 s)] when percentage of anaerobic threshold (AT) was used; [83% (230 s): 62% (165 s)] when maximal heart rate percentage (%HRmax) was used. From these 23 studies, 12 used \({{{V}}}\)O2max/peak/MAP (one of the most recommended variables for HIIT prescription). Seven studies adopted the HIIT-long format, and in the remaining five studies, the format was unclear. (2) Twenty-four studies used fractions of \({{{V}}}\)O2max/peak or mechanical variables like MAP as anchors for prescribing effort intensity, two studies used AT, 20 studies used fractions of HRmax/heart rate reserve, two studies used rate of perceived exertion (RPE), while one used RPE and %\({{{V}}}\)O2peak concomitantly, and two studies utilized RPE/%HRmax concomitantly. Two studies utilized passive resting, 12 studies used %\({{{V}}}\)O2peak/%MAP for prescribing pause intensity, four studies used AT, seven studies used %HRmax, one study used %HRmax/%\({{{V}}}\)O2peak, and two studies used absolute loads. (3) Ten studies did not report the characteristics of the physical tests employed, two studies used submaximal tests, and 39 studies utilized graded exercise tests. (4) Ten studies did not report if there were adverse events associated with the exercise program, while 34 studies did not report any adverse events.

Conclusions

Only 50% of the studies provided all the necessary variables for accurate HIIT prescription, raising concerns about the replicability, comprehension, and effective application of HIIT in cancer patients. Most of the studies that reported all variables appeared to have employed the HIIT-long format. Only a few studies used more individualized anchors (e.g., AT) to prescribe HIIT-long format for cancer patients, which is considered a very heterogeneous population.



中文翻译:


癌症患者的高强度间歇训练:运动处方的关键考虑因素综述


 背景


在癌症治疗之前、期间和之后进行的高强度间歇训练 (HIIT) 可以减轻抗癌药物引起的不良反应。HIIT 变量特征的清晰呈现和基本原理对于在癌症患者中产生预期的 HIIT 适应至关重要。然而,人们对癌症文献中使用的 HIIT 协议存在担忧。

 目标


目的是 (1) 确定 HIIT 的特征和已规定的格式,(2) 分析哪些锚点已被用于规定努力和暂停强度,(3) 检查用于 HIIT 处方的物理测试的特征,以及 (4) 确定与 HIIT 干预相关的潜在不良事件。

 方法


本范围综述遵循系统综述和荟萃分析扩展范围综述 (PRISMA-ScR) 指南,包括 PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science 数据库。

 结果


共检索到 51 项研究,发现以下结果:(1) 只有 25 项研究报告了 HIIT 处方的所有四个基本变量 [努力强度(努力持续时间):暂停强度(暂停持续时间)]。在这些研究中,23 项使用主动暂停并采用以下处方(平均):[84% (116 s):39% (118 s)] 当使用最大有氧功率 (MAP) [最大/峰值摄氧量 (\({{{V}}}\)O2max/peak)/MAP] 的百分比时;[124% (161 s):55% (142 s)] 当使用厌氧阈值 (AT) 百分比时;[83% (230 s): 62% (165 s)] 当使用最大心率百分比 (%HRmax) 时。在这 23 项研究中,有 12 项使用了 \({{{V}}}\)O2max/peak/MAP(HIIT 处方最推荐的变量之一)。7 项研究采用了 HIIT 长格式,而在其余 5 项研究中,格式尚不清楚。(2) 24项研究使用\({{{V}}}\)O2max/peak的分数或MAP等机械变量作为规定努力强度的锚点,2项研究使用AT,20项研究使用HRmax/心率储备的分数,2项研究使用自觉用力率(RPE),而1项研究同时使用RPE和%\({{{V}}}\)O2peak,2项研究同时使用RPE/%HRmax。2项研究使用被动静息,12项研究使用%\({{{V}}}\)O2峰值/%MAP来指定暂停强度,4项研究使用AT,7项研究使用%HRmax,1项研究使用%HRmax/%\({{{V}}}\)O2峰值,2项研究使用绝对负荷。 (3) 10 项研究没有报告所采用的身体测试的特征,2 项研究使用次极大量测试,39 项研究使用分级运动测试。(4) 10项研究没有报告是否存在与锻炼计划相关的不良事件,而34项研究没有报告任何不良事件。

 结论


只有 50% 的研究提供了准确 HIIT 处方的所有必要变量,这引起了人们对 HIIT 在癌症患者中的可复制性、理解和有效应用的担忧。大多数报告所有变量的研究似乎都采用了 HIIT 长格式。只有少数研究使用更个体化的锚点(例如 AT)为癌症患者开具 HIIT 长格式,这被认为是一个非常异质的人群。

更新日期:2024-11-27
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