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A spiro-type self-assembled hole transporting monolayer for highly efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells and modules
Energy & Environmental Science ( IF 32.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-11-27 , DOI: 10.1039/d4ee01960a
Xianfu Zhang, Botong Li, Shaochen Zhang, Zedong Lin, Mingyuan Han, Xuepeng Liu, Jianlin Chen, Weilun Du, Ghadari Rahim, Ying Zhou, Pengju Shi, Rui Wang, Pengfei Wu, Thamraa Alshahrani, Wadha Alqahtani, Norah Alahmad, Qian Wang, Bin Ding, Songyuan Dai, Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin, Yong Ding

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have significantly contributed to the advancement of hole transporting materials (HTMs) for inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, uneven distribution of SAMs on the substrate largely decreases the PSC performance, especially for large-scale devices. Herein, the first spiro-type SAM, termed 4PA-spiro, with an orthogonal spiro[acridine-9,9′-fluorene] as the skeleton and phosphonic acid as the anchoring group were proposed. Compared to the reference 4PACz, the twisted configuration with larger steric hindrance of 4PA-spiro inhibited the intermolecular aggregation, enabling a uniform and homogeneous anchoring on the substrate. Moreover, the suitable highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of 4PA-spiro is beneficial in promoting hole extraction and reducing charge non-radiative recombination. As a result, compared to 4PACz with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.10%, the 4PA-spiro-based PSCs exhibited a superior PCE of 25.28% (certified 24.81%, 0.05 cm2), along with excellent long-term stability. More importantly, 4PA-spiro-enabled larger-area PSCs and modules achieved PCEs of 24.11% (1.0 cm2) and 21.89% (29.0 cm2), respectively, one of the highest PCEs for inverted PSC modules, providing an effective SAM candidate for the commercialization of efficient, stable and large-scale inverted PSCs.

中文翻译:


一种螺状自组装空穴传输单层,用于高效稳定的倒置钙钛矿太阳能电池和组件



自组装单层 (SAM) 为倒置钙钛矿太阳能电池 (PSC) 的空穴传输材料 (HTM) 的发展做出了重大贡献。然而,SAM 在衬底上的不均匀分布会大大降低 PSC 性能,尤其是对于大规模器件。在此,提出了第一个螺状 SAM,称为 4PA-螺状,以正交螺 [吖啶-9,9′-芴] 为骨架,膦酸为锚定基团。与参比 4PACz 相比,4PA-spiro 具有较大空间位阻的扭曲构型抑制了分子间聚集,从而能够在衬底上实现均匀和均匀的锚定。此外,4PA-spiro 合适的最高占据分子轨道 (HOMO) 水平有利于促进空穴提取和减少电荷非辐射复合。因此,与功率转换效率 (PCE) 为 22.10% 的 4PACz 相比,基于 4PA-spiro 的 PSC 表现出 25.28% 的优异 PCE(认证 24.81%,0.05 cm2),以及出色的长期稳定性。更重要的是,基于 4PA spiro 的更大面积 PSC 和组件分别实现了 24.11% (1.0 cm2) 和 21.89% (29.0 cm2) 的 PCE,是倒置 PSC 组件中最高的 PCE 之一,为高效、稳定和大规模倒置 PSC 的商业化提供了有效的 SAM 候选者。
更新日期:2024-11-27
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