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Moderate solvation structures of lithium ions for high-voltage lithium metal batteries at −40 °C
Energy & Environmental Science ( IF 32.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-11-27 , DOI: 10.1039/d4ee03192j
Ying Wei, Han Wang, Xing Lin, Tianyu Wang, Yanming Cui, Yu Huang, Jiayi Yang, Te-Huan Liu, Yang Ren, Xiulin Fan, Henghui Xu, Yunhui Huang

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are considered highly promising due to their high-energy-density; however, they suffer from challenges such as lithium dendrite growth at low temperatures (LT) and severe decomposition at high cut-off voltages. Here, a quasi-solid-state electrolyte (QSSE) containing a carboxylic ester solvent with an ethoxy side difluoro-substitution group (–OCH2CF2H) has been developed. By withdrawing the electron cloud of the carbonyl group (C[double bond, length as m-dash]O) and transferring it to the fluorine atoms, the –OCH2CF2H group achieves a balanced charge dispersion between the fluorine and carbonyl oxygen atoms. Consequently, the QSSE forms a moderate solvation sheath through Li–F and Li–O coordination with the fluorinated carboxylic ester solvent, which not only promotes the de-solvation of Li+ at low temperatures but also induces the formation of a LiF-rich interphase to suppress lithium dendrite growth and detrimental side reactions on the cathodes’ surfaces. As a result, the QSSE enables stable cycling of a high-voltage Li‖LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NCM622) cell at 4.6 V, with a high-capacity retention of 85% and an average coulombic efficiency (CE) exceeding 99.9% over 700 cycles at −20 °C. Even at a lower temperature of −40 °C, the Li‖NCM622 cell provides a high capacity retention of 87.9% after 125 cycles. Moreover, a prototype 450 W h kg−1 pouch cell (2.9 A h) operates for 75 cycles at −20 °C with 83.4% capacity retention using a low electrolyte/capacity (E/C) ratio of 1.5 g A h−1. This design strategy provides a promising approach for future exploration of high-voltage lithium metal batteries under low-temperature conditions.

中文翻译:


−40 °C 高压锂金属电池锂离子电池的中等溶剂化结构



锂金属电池 (LMB) 因其高能量密度而被认为非常有前途;然而,它们面临着诸如锂枝晶在低温 (LT) 下生长和高截止电压下严重分解等挑战。在这里,开发了一种准固态电解质 (QSSE),其中包含具有乙氧基侧二氟取代基 (–OCH2CF2H) 的羧酸酯溶剂。通过提取羰基 (C [double bond, length as m-dash] O) 的电子云并将其转移到氟原子上,–OCH2CF2H 基团实现了氟和羰基氧原子之间的平衡电荷分散。因此,QSSE 通过 Li-F 和 Li-O 与氟化羧酸酯溶剂配位形成适度的溶剂化鞘,这不仅促进了 Li+ 在低温下的脱溶剂化,而且还诱导了富含 LiF 的界面的形成,以抑制锂枝晶的生长和阴极表面的有害副反应。因此,QSSE 能够在 4.6 V 下稳定循环高压 Li‖LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NCM622) 电池,在 -20 °C 下进行 700 次循环,容量保持率高达 85%,平均库仑效率 (CE) 超过 99.9%。 即使在 −40 °C 的较低温度下,Li‖NCM622 电池在 125 次循环后也能提供 87.9% 的高容量保持率。此外,原型 450 W h kg-1 软包电池 (2.9 A h) 在 -20 °C 下运行 75 次循环,容量保持率为 83.4%,使用 1.5 g A h-1 的低电解液/容量 (E/C) 比。 这种设计策略为未来低温条件下高压锂金属电池的探索提供了一种有前途的方法。
更新日期:2024-11-27
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