The structure design principles of organic additives for high-performance anodes over wide-pH electrolytes are elusive, which are critical barriers to the practical application of aqueous zinc–metal batteries (AZMBs). Herein, this work takes disodium naphthalenedisulfonate (NADS) as an example to examine the structure–activity relationship of additives in AZMBs. The pair of –SO₃⁻ groups within the 26 NADS molecules fully exerted a double-end capturing function to achieve single-molecule regulation facilitated by the distal-most substituent site, effectively minimising the electrostatic repulsion of the homo-charged solvated structure. The highly symmetric and electronegative 26 NADS molecule tended to form a molecular-layer on the surface of the electrode, which reduced the concentration polarisation and accelerated the deposition kinetics of Zn²⁺ in acidic-neutral electrolytes, even preventing excessive [Zn(OH)₄]²⁻ localised saturation in alkaline electrolytes, ultimately suppressing the dendrites and side reactions of the Zn anode in wide-pH electrolytes. Consequently, the Zn-symmetrical battery retained long-term cycling stability in acidic, near neutral and strong alkaline electrolytes. Importantly, the Zn‖MnO₂ full batteries and Zn‖activated carbon capacitor also exhibit excellent reversibility in wide-pH electrolytes. Furthermore, a 0.19 A h pouch battery with high performance provided guidance for the molecular design of multifunctional additives for practical aqueous metal batteries.

中文翻译：

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通过萘二磺酸二钠添加剂的配置筛选进行界面调节，实现高性能宽 pH 锌基电池


用于宽 pH 电解质的高性能负极有机添加剂的结构设计原则难以捉摸，这是水性锌金属电池 （AZMB） 实际应用的关键障碍。本文以萘二磺酸二钠 （NADS） 为例，研究了 AZMBs 中添加剂的构效关系。26 个 NADS 分子中的一对 –SO₃⁻ 基团充分发挥了双端捕获功能，实现了由最远端取代基位点促进的单分子调节，有效地最大限度地减少了同电荷溶剂化结构的静电排斥。高度对称和电负性的 26 NADS 分子倾向于在电极表面形成分子层，这降低了浓度极化并加速了 Zn²⁺ 在酸性中性电解质中的沉积动力学，甚至防止了碱性电解质中 [Zn（OH）₄]²⁻ 的过度局部饱和，最终抑制了宽 pH 电解质中 Zn 负极的枝晶和副反应。 因此，Zn 对称电池在酸性、近中性和强碱性电解质中保持了长期循环稳定性。重要的是，Zn‖MnO₂ 满电池和 Zn‖活性炭电容器在宽 pH 电解质中也表现出优异的可逆性。此外，高性能的 0.19 A h 软包电池为实用水性金属电池多功能添加剂的分子设计提供了指导。