As the foundation of life, a cell is generally considered an advanced microreactor with a complicated structure and function. Undeniably, this fascinating complexity motivates scientists to try to extricate themselves from natural living matter and work toward rebuilding artificial cells in vitro. Driven by synthetic biology and bionic technology, the research of artificial cells has gradually become a subclass. It is not only held import in many disciplines but also of great interest in its synthesis. Therefore, in this review, we have reviewed the development of cell and bionic strategies and focused on the efforts of bottom-up strategies in artificial cell construction. Different from starting with existing living organisms, we have also discussed the construction of artificial cells based on biomimetic materials, from simple cell scaffolds to multiple compartment systems, from the construction of functional modules to the simulation of crucial metabolism behaviors, or even to the biomimetic of communication networks. All of them could represent an exciting advance in the field. In addition, we will make a rough analysis of the bottlenecks in this field. Meanwhile, the future development of this field has been prospecting. This review may bridge the gap between materials engineering and life sciences, forming a theoretical basis for developing various life-inspired assembly materials.

中文翻译：

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用于制造人造细胞的仿生材料


作为生命的基础，电池通常被认为是具有复杂结构和功能的先进微反应器。不可否认，这种迷人的复杂性促使科学家们试图从自然生命中解脱出来，并致力于在体外重建人工细胞。在合成生物学和仿生技术的推动下，人工细胞的研究逐渐成为一个子类。它不仅在许多学科中都很重要，而且对其综合也引起了极大的兴趣。因此，在这篇综述中，我们回顾了细胞和仿生策略的发展，并重点介绍了自下而上策略在人工细胞构建中的努力。与从现有的生物体开始不同，我们还讨论了基于仿生材料的人造细胞的构建，从简单的细胞支架到多隔室系统，从功能模块的构建到关键代谢行为的模拟，甚至到通信网络的仿生。所有这些都可能代表该领域令人兴奋的进步。此外，我们将对该领域的瓶颈进行粗略分析。同时，该领域的未来发展前景广阔。本文综述可能弥合材料工程与生命科学之间的差距，为开发各种受生命启发的装配材料奠定理论基础。