Cross-electrophile coupling (XEC), defined by us as the cross-coupling of two different σ-electrophiles that is driven by catalyst reduction, has seen rapid progression in recent years. As such, this review aims to summarize the field from its beginnings up until mid-2023 and to provide comprehensive coverage on synthetic methods and current state of mechanistic understanding. Chapters are split by type of bond formed, which include C(sp³)–C(sp³), C(sp²)–C(sp²), C(sp²)–C(sp³), and C(sp²)–C(sp) bond formation. Additional chapters include alkene difunctionalization, alkyne difunctionalization, and formation of carbon-heteroatom bonds. Each chapter is generally organized with an initial summary of mechanisms followed by detailed figures and notes on methodological developments and ending with application notes in synthesis. While XEC is becoming an increasingly utilized approach in synthesis, its early stage of development means that optimal catalysts, ligands, additives, and reductants are still in flux. This review has collected data on these and various other aspects of the reactions to capture the state of the field. Finally, the data collected on the papers in this review is offered as Supporting Information for readers.

中文翻译：

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交叉亲电耦合：合成中的原理、方法和应用


交叉亲电偶联 （XEC） 被我们定义为由催化剂还原驱动的两种不同亲σ电偶联的交叉偶联，近年来取得了快速发展。因此，本综述旨在总结该领域从开始到 2023 年年中的发展，并全面涵盖合成方法和机理理解的现状。各章按形成的键类型划分，包括 C（sp³）–C（sp³）、C（sp²）–C（sp²）、C（sp²）–C（sp³） 和 C（sp²）–C（sp） 键形成。其他章节包括烯烃二官能化、炔烃二官能化和碳杂原子键的形成。每一章通常以机制的初步总结为组织方式，然后是关于方法发展的详细图表和注释，最后以综合应用说明结束。虽然 XEC 正成为一种越来越多地使用的合成方法，但其早期开发阶段意味着最佳催化剂、配体、添加剂和还原剂仍在变化中。这篇综述收集了有关反应的这些和其他各个方面的数据，以捕捉该领域的状态。最后，本综述中论文收集的数据作为支持信息提供给读者。