Astrophysical evidence suggests that the Sun was born near 5 kpc from the Galactic center, within the corotation radius of the Galactic bar, around 6–7 kpc. This presents challenges for outward migration due to the Jacobi energy constraint, preventing stars from easily overcoming the corotation barrier. In this study, we use test particle simulations to explore two possible migration pathways for the Sun: a “trapped” scenario, where the Sun's orbit was influenced by a slowing Galactic bar, and an “untrapped” scenario driven by dynamic spiral arms. Our results demonstrate that both mechanisms can explain how the Sun migrated from its birth radius (≈5 kpc) to its current orbital radius around 8.5–9 kpc. Furthermore, we investigate the environmental changes experienced by the Sun along these migration pathways, focusing on variations in radiation hazards and comet fluxes, which may have impacted planetary habitability. These findings highlight the dynamic nature of galactic habitability, emphasizing that the path a star takes within the Milky Way can significantly affect its surrounding environment and the potential for life. We propose a new concept of “Galactic habitable orbits,” which accounts for evolving galactic structures and their effects on stellar and planetary systems. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the solar system's migration and its implications for habitability within the Milky Way.

中文翻译：

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太阳系迁移指向一个更新的概念：银河系宜居轨道


天体物理学证据表明，太阳诞生于距离银河系中心 5 kpc 附近，在银河系棒的共转半径内，约为 6-7 kpc。由于雅可比能量约束，这给向外迁移带来了挑战，阻止了恒星轻松克服共旋转障碍。在这项研究中，我们使用测试粒子模拟来探索太阳的两种可能的迁移路径：“被困”场景，其中太阳的轨道受到减速的银河系棒的影响，以及由动态旋臂驱动的“未被困”场景。我们的结果表明，这两种机制都可以解释太阳是如何从其出生半径 （≈5 kpc） 迁移到当前大约 8.5-9 kpc 的轨道半径的。此外，我们研究了太阳沿这些迁移路径所经历的环境变化，重点关注可能影响行星宜居性的辐射危害和彗星通量的变化。这些发现突出了银河系宜居性的动态性质，强调恒星在银河系内的路径可以显着影响其周围环境和生命的潜力。我们提出了一个“银河系宜居轨道”的新概念，它解释了不断发展的星系结构及其对恒星和行星系统的影响。这项工作有助于更深入地了解太阳系的迁移及其对银河系内宜居性的影响。