This Review focuses on currently available literature describing sex differences in skeletal muscle metabolism in humans, as well as highlighting current research gaps within the field. These discussions serve as a call for action to address the current lack of sufficient sex-balanced studies in skeletal muscle research, and the resulting limitations in understanding sex-specific physiological and pathophysiological responses. Although the participation of women in studies has increased, parity between the sexes remains elusive, affecting the validity of conclusions drawn from studies with limited numbers of participants. Changes in skeletal muscle metabolism contribute to the development of metabolic disease (such as type 2 diabetes mellitus), and maintenance of skeletal muscle mass is a key component for health and the ability to maintain an independent life during ageing. Exercise is an important factor in maintaining skeletal muscle health and insulin sensitivity, and offers promise for both prevention and treatment of metabolic disease. With the increased realization of the promise of precision medicine comes the need to increase patient stratification and improve the understanding of responses in different populations. In this context, a better understanding of sex-dependent differences in skeletal muscle metabolism is essential.

本综述侧重于目前可用的描述人类骨骼肌代谢性别差异的文献，并强调了该领域内当前研究的空白。这些讨论呼吁采取行动，以解决目前骨骼肌研究中缺乏足够的性别平衡研究，以及由此产生的理解性别特异性生理和病理生理反应的局限性。尽管女性参与研究的人数有所增加，但性别之间的平等仍然难以捉摸，这影响了从参与者数量有限的研究中得出的结论的有效性。骨骼肌代谢的变化会导致代谢疾病（如 2 型糖尿病）的发展，而维持骨骼肌质量是健康和在衰老过程中维持独立生活能力的关键组成部分。运动是维持骨骼肌健康和胰岛素敏感性的重要因素，为预防和治疗代谢疾病提供了希望。随着精准医疗前景的日益实现，需要增加患者分层并提高对不同人群反应的理解。在这种情况下，更好地了解骨骼肌代谢的性别依赖性差异至关重要。